BaumeisterR. F.LearyM. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.
2.
GoffmanE. (1963). Behavior in public places. New York, NY: Free Press.
3.
GraheJ. E.WilliamsK. D.HinszV. B. (2000). Teaching experimental methods while bringing smiles to your students’ faces. Teaching of Psychology, 27, 108–111.
4.
KerrN. L.LevineJ. M. (2008). The detection of social exclusion: Evolution and beyond. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 12, 39–52.
5.
KleinkeC. L. (1986). Gaze and eye contact: A research review. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 78–100.
6.
KorteC. (1980). Urban-nonurban differences in social behavior and social psychological models of urban impact. Journal of Social Issues, 36, 29–51.
7.
LearyM. R.TamborE. S.TerdalS. K.DownsD. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518–530.
8.
MilgramS. (1970). The experience of living in cities. Science, 167, 1461–1468.
9.
NewmanJ.McCauleyC. (1977). Eye contact with strangers in city, suburb, and small town. Environment & Behavior, 9, 547–558.
10.
PickettC. L.GardnerW. L.KnowlesM. (2004). Getting a cue: The need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1095–1107.
11.
WilliamsK. D. (2009). Ostracism: Effects of being excluded and ignored. In ZannaM. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 41, pp. 275–314). New York, NY: Academic Press.
12.
WilliamsK. D.GovanC. L.WheelerL.NezlekJ. B. (2004, January). Everyday ostracism using the Sydney Ostracism Record (SOR). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Austin, TX.
13.
WilliamsK. D.ShoreW. J.GraheJ. E. (1998). The silent treatment: Perceptions of its behaviors and associated feelings. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 1, 117–141.
14.
WirthJ. H.SaccoD. F.HugenbergK.WilliamsK. D. (2010). Eye gaze as relational evaluation: Averted eye gaze leads to feelings of ostracism and relational devaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 869–882.
15.
ZuckermanM.MiserandinoM.BernieriF. (1983). Civil inattention exists—in elevators. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 578–586.