HIV and Pregnancy

Centre for Disease Control: Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-United States 1981–1990. MMWR 1991; 40: 358–63

WHO Collaborating Centre on Aids—AIDS surveillance in Europe Quarterly Report No. 24:1989 December (Paris WHO)

Berkelman R Fleming P Chu S Hanson D. Women and AIDS: the increasing role of heterosexual transmission in the United States. VIIth International Conference on AIDS 1991-Florence, Abst. No. WC 102

Henrion R Henrion-Geant E Mandelbrot L . Trends in HIV transmission in pregnancy. Lancet 1990; i: 1401(letter)

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Duart G Mussi-Pinhata MM Feres MC , The ascendent pattern of seropositivity for HIV antibody and the risk factors associated to the HIV transmission in parturients cared at a school hospital in Brazil. VIIth International Conference on AIDS—Florence, 1991 Abst. No. WC 3257

Chusak K Ung Thanprasertsuk S Vichai C , Trends of HIV spreading in Thailand detected by National Sentinel Surveillance. Vllth International Conference on AIDS—Florence, 1991 Abst. No. MC 3246

Kandaswami J Ravinathan R Padmarajan S , Seroepidemiological study of HIV infection in two major centres of South India. Vllth International Conference on AIDS—Florence, 1991 Abst. No. MC 3302

Johnstone FD . Ante-natal screening for HIV—review and case for anonymysed unlinked studies. In: Templeton AA Cusine D , eds. Reproductive medicine and the law. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1990:123–39

Holman S Sunderland A Berthaud M . Prenatal HIV counselling and testing. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1989; 32: 445–55

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Minkoff HL . AIDS in pregnancy. Curr Probl Obstet Gynecol Fertil 1989; 12: 205–28

Johnstone FD . HIV infection in pregnancy. Curr Obstet Gynecol 1991; 1: 78–83

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Greenberg M Jacobziner H Pakter J . Maternal mortality in the epidemic of Asian influenza, New York City, 1957. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958; 76: 897–902

Scott GB Fischl MA Klimas N . Mothers of infants with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Evidence for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. JAMA 1985; 253: 363–6

Minkoff HL Nanda D Menez R . Follow-up of mothers of children with AIDS. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 87: 288–91

Hague RA Mok JYQ MacCallum L , Do maternal factors influence the risk of vertical transmission of HIV? VIIth International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991: Abstract WC3237

Delfraissey JF Pons JC Sereni D , Does pregnancy influence disease progression in HIV positive women. Vth International Conference on AIDS, June 1989, Montreal, Canada. Abstract MBP 34

Deschamps M-M Pape JW Madhavan S , Pregnancy and acceleration of HIV related illness. Vth International Conference on AIDS, June 1989, Montreal, Canada. Abstract MBP 6

Schoenbaum EE Daverny K Selwyn PA , The effect of pregnancy on progression of HIV related disease. Vth International Conference on AIDS, June 1989, Montreal, Canada. Abstract MBP 8

Bledsoe K Olopoenia L Barnes S , Effect of pregnancy on progression of HIV infection. VIth International Conference on AIDS, June 1990, San Francisco, USA. Abstract ThC 652

Mazzarello G Canessa A Melica F , Influence of pregnancy on HIV disease progression. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC3235

MacCallum LR Cowan FM Whitelaw J , Disease progression following pregnancy in HIV seropositive women. Vth International Conference on AIDS, June 1989, Montreal, Canada. Abstract MBP 3

Berrebi A Puel J Tricoire J , Influence of gestation on HIV infection. VIth International Conference on AIDS, June 1990, San Francisco, USA. Abstract ThC 651

Des Jarlais D Friedman SR Marmor M . Development of AIDS, HIV seroconversion, and potential co-factors for T₄ cell loss in a cohort of intravenous drug users. AIDS I 1987:105–11

Biggar RJ Pahwa S Minkoff H . Immunosuppression in pregnant women infected with HIV. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1239–44

Jensen LP O'Sullivan MJ Gomez-Del-Rio M . Acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148: 1145–6

Antoine C Morris M Douglas D. Maternal and fetal mortality in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Y State J Med 1986; 86: 443–5

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Wetli CV Roldan EO Fujaco RM . Listeriosis as a cause of maternal death: An obstetric complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 147: 7–9

Kell PD Barton SE Smith DE . A maternal death caused by AIDS. Case Report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 98: 725–7

La Pointe N Michaud J Pekovic D . Transplacental transmission of HTLV-III virus. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 1325–6

Koonin LM Ellerbrock TV Atrash HK . Pregnancy-associated deaths due to AIDS in the United States. JAMA 1989; 261: 1306–9

Hicks ML Nolan GH Maxwell SL Mickle C. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii infection in a pregnant woman. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 76: 480–1

Minkoff HL Willoughby A Mendez H . Serious infections during pregnancy among women with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 30–4

Johnstone FD Willox L Brettle RP . Survival time after AIDS in pregnancy.

Johnstone FD , HIV and pregnancy outcome. Bailliere Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991 (in press)

Lasley-Bibbs V Renzullo P Goldenbaum M , Patterns of pregnancy and reproductive morbidity among HIV infected women in the US Army: a retrospective cohort study. Vlth International Conference on AIDS, June 1990, San Francisco, USA: Abstract Th.C 655

Miotti PG Dallabetta G Ndovi E . HIV-1 and pregnant women: Associated factors, prevalence, estimate of incidence and role in fetal wastage in central Africa. AIDS 1990; 4: 733–6

LePage P Dabis F Hitimana D-G . Perinatal transmission of HIV-1: Lack of impact of maternal HIV infection on characteristics of livebirths and on neonatal mortality in Kigali, Rwanda. AIDS 1991; 5: 295–300

Lopita MI Temmerman M Sinei SKF , HIV infection as a risk factor for spontaneous first trimester abortion. VIth International Conference on AIDS, June 1990, San Francisco, USA: Abstract Th.C 653

Selwyn PA Schoenbaum EE Davenny K . Prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and pregnancy outcomes in intravenus drug users. JAMA 1989; 261: 1289–94

Johnstone FD MacCallum LR Brettle RP . Testing for HIV in pregnancy: 3 years experience in Edinburgh City. Scott Med J 1989; 34: 561–3

Emanuelli F Ermiglia ML Gabutti G , Human immunodeficiency virus infection among women attending obstetric and gynaecology departments in Liguria, Italy. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC 3275

Moatti JP Gales C Seror V . Social acceptability of HIV screening among pregnant women. AIDS Care 1990; 2: 213–22

Balanon A Fordyce EJ Stoneburner R. AIDS concerns and women's reproductive intentions: HIV testing and pregnancy choices. VIth International Conference on AIDS, June 1990, San Francisco, USA: Abstract Th.D 804

Selwyn PA Carter RJ Schoenbaum EE . Knowledge of HIV antibody status and decision to continue or terminate pregnancy among intravenous drug users. JAMA 1989; 261: 3567–71

Johnstone FD Brettle RP MacCallum LR . Women's knowledge of their HIV antibody state: Its effect on their decision whether to continue the pregnancy. BMJ 1990; 300: 23–4

Stratton P Mofenson L Willoughby A , Prenatal screening policies for HIV antibody at major obstetric clinical centers in the United States. VIth International Conference on AIDS, June 1990, San Francisco, USA: Abstract SC 665

Minkoff H Nanda D Menez R Fikrig S. Pregnancies resulting in infants with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS related complex. Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 69: 285–7

Gloeb DJ O'Sullivan MJ Efantis J. Human immunodeficiency virus infection in women 1. The effects of human immunodeficiency virus on pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 756–61

Johnstone FD MacCallum L Brettle R . Does infection with HIV affect the outcome of pregnancy? BMJ 1988; 296: 467

Minkoff HL Henderson C Mendez H . Pregnancy outcomes among mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected control subjects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 1598–604

Semprini AE Ravizza M Bucceri A . Perinatal outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1990; 30: 15–18

Berrebi A Lahlov M Puel J , Effects of HIV infection on pregnancy. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WB2042

Ryder RW Nsa W Hassig SE . Perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to infants of seropositive women in Zaire. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1637–42

Kamenga M Manzila T Behets F , Maternal HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases and low birth weight in Zairian children. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC3244

Lallemant M Lallemant-LeCoeur S Cheynier D . Mother-child transmission of HIV-1 and infant survival in Brazzaville, Congo. AIDS 1989; 3: 643–6

Hira SK Kamanga J Bhat GJ . Perinatal transmission of HIV-1 in Zambia. BMJ 1989; 299: 1250–2

Braddick MR Kreiss JK Embree JE . Impact of maternal HIV infection on obstetrical and early neonatal outcome. AIDS 1990; 4: 1001–5

Guay L Mmiro F Ndugwa . Perinatal outcome in HIV-infected women in Uganda. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, June 1990. Abstract ThC42

LePage P Dabis F Hitimana D-G . Perinatal transmission of HIV-1: Lack of impact of maternal HIV infection on characteristics of livebirths and on neonatal mortality in Kigali, Rwanda. AIDS 1991; 5: 295–300

Bulterys M Chao A Kurawige JB , Maternal HIV infection and intrauterine growth: a prospective cohort study in Butare, Rwanda. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC3234

Temmerman M Plummer FA Mirza NB . Infection with HIV as a risk factor for adverse obstetrical outcome. AIDS 1990; 4: 1087–93

Italian Multicentre Study. Epidemiology, clinical features, and prognostic factors of paediatric HIV infection. Lancet 1988; ii: 1043–5

Blanche S Rouzioux C Moscato M-L . A prospective study of infants born to women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1643–8

European Collaborative Study. Children born to women with HIV-1 infection: Natural history and risk of transmission. Lancet 1991; 337: 253–8

Marion RW Wiznia AA Hutcheon G Rubinstein A. Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus HI (HTLV-III) embryopathy: A new dysmorphic syndrome associated with intrauterine HTLV-III infection. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140: 638–40

Marion RW Wiznia AA Hutcheon RG Rubinstein A. Fetal AIDS syndrome score. Correlation between severity of dysmorphism and age at diagnosis of immunodeficiency. Am J Dis Child 1987; 141: 429–31

Nicolas S. Is there an HIV associated facial dysmorphism? Pediatr Ann 1988; 5: 353

Qazi QH Sheikh TM Fikrig S. Lack of evidence for craniofacial dysmorphism in perinatal HIV infection. J Pediatr 1988; 112: 7–11

Auger I Thomas P de Gruttola V . Incubation periods for paediatric AIDS patients. Nature 1988; 336: 575–7

Maury W Potts BJ Rabson AB . HIV-1 infection of first trimester and term human placental tissue: A possible mode of maternal-fetal transmission. J Infect Dis 1989; 160: 583–8

Zachar V Noskov-Lauritsen N Juhl C . Susceptibility of cultured human trophoblast to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Gen Virol 1991; 72: 1253–60

Lewis SH Reynolds-Kohler C Fox HE Nelson JA . HIV-1 in trophoblastic and villous Hofbauer cells, and haematological precursors in eight-week fetuses. Lancet 1990; 335: 565–8

Sprecher S Soumenkoff G Puissant F Degueldre M. Vertical transmission of HIV in 15 week fetus. Lancet 1986; ii: 288–9

Jovaisas E Koch MA Schafer A . LAV/HTLV III in a 20 week fetus. Lancet 1985; ii: 1129

Peutherer JF Rebus S Aw E , Detection of HIV in the fetus: A study of six cases. IV International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, June 1988; Abstract 7235

Mano H , Chermann J-C. Fetal human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 infection of different organs in the second trimester. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1991; 7: 83–8

Siegel G Schafer A Unger M , HIV-1 in fetal organs and in embryonic placenta of HIV-1 positive mothers. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, June 1990, Abstract FB 445

Soeiro LR Rashbaum WK Rubinstein LA , The incidence of human fetal HIV-1 infection as determined by the presence of HIV-1 infection as determined by the presence of HIV-1 DNA in abortus tissues. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC 3250

Ehrnst A Lindgren S Dictor M . HIV in pregnant women and their offspring: Evidence for late transmission. Lancet 1991; 338: 203–7

Courgnaud V Laure F Brossard A . Frequent and early in utero HIV-1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1991; 7: 337–41

Goedert JJ Mendez H Drummond JE . Mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Association with prematurity or low anti-gp 120. Lancet 1989; ii: 1351–4

D'Arminio M Ravizza A Muggiasca M , HIV infected pregnant women: possible predictors of vertical transmission. VII International Conference in AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC49

Boue F Pons JC Keros L , Risk for HIV-1 perinatal transmissions varies with the mother's stage of HIV infection. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, June 1990. Abstract ThC44

St Louis ME Kabagabo U Brown C , Maternal factors associated with perinatal HIV transmission. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract MC 3027

Kreiss J Datta P Willerford D , Vertical transmission of HIV in Nairobi: correlation with maternal viral burden. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract MC3062

Rubinstein A Calvelli T Goldstein H , Correlation of maternofetal (abortus) HIV-1 transmission with high affinity/avidity antibodies to the primary neutralizing domain (PND). VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract MC3052

Allain JP Mathews T Coombs R , Antibody to V₃ loop peptide does not predict vertical transmission of HIV. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC3263

Beyssen V Meyohas MC Gras G , Neutralization titers in sera from HIV-infected pregnant women, and their correlation with materno-fetal transmission. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WA1344

Shaffer N Parekh BS Pau CP , Maternal antibodies to V₃ loop peptides of GP 120 are not associated with bulk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC48

Halsey NA Markham R Rossi P , V₃ loop peptide antibodies in Haitian women and infant HIV-1 infections. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WA1311

Nsvami M St Louis M Geoge JR , Low prevalence in HIV-infected Zairian mothers of antibodies against GP 120 neutralizing epitopes of the MN HIV-1 isolate lack of association with perinatal HIV transmission. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract MC 3065

Krasinkski K Cao Y-Z Friedman KA , Elevated maternal total and neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody does not prevent perinatal HIV-1. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, June 1990; Abstract ThC 45

Diro M Beydoun SN . Malaria in pregnancy. South Med J 1982; 75: 959–62

Just J Louie L Abrams E , Genetic risk factors for perinatally acquired HIV infection. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract MC3044

Goedert JJ Duliege AM Amos CI , The International Registry of HIV-exposed twins: a first report. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991 Abstract MC3090

European Collaborative Study. Mother to child transmission of HIV infection. Lancet 1988; ii: 1039–42

Carcassi C Chiappe F Lecca U , A study of 9 infants born from HIV-1 positive mothers who continued treatment with AZT during pregnancy. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC3228

Ferrazin A Terragna A Loy A , Zidovudine (ZDV) therapy on HIV infection during pregnancy: assessment of the effect on the newborns. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract MC 3023

Crane L Schuman P Cohen F , Failure of zidovudine (ZDV) to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract MC3182

Crombleholme W Wara D Cambertoglio J. Perinatal HIV transmission despite maternal/infant AZT therapy. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, 1990. Abstract ThC605

Sharpe AH Hunter J Ruprecht RM . Maternal transmission of retroviral disease and strategies for preventing infection of the neonate. J Virol 1989; 63: 1049–53

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Thiry L Sprecher-Goldberger S Jonckheer T . Isolation of AIDS virus from cell free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers. Lancet 1985; ii: 891–2

Ziegler JB Cooper DA Johnson RD Gold J. Postnatal transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus from mother to infant. Lancet 1985; i: 896–8

LePage P Van de Perre P Carael M . Postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to child. Lancet 1987; ii: 400

Weinbreck P Loustaud V Denis F . Postnatal transmission of HIV infection. Lancet 1988; i: 482

Van De Perre P Simonon A Msellati P. Postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 593–8

Kennedy K Visness C Rogan WJ . Breastfeeding and AIDS: A health policy analysis. VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, June 1991. Abstract WC3223