UK national guideline for the management of Genital Molluscum in adults,2014 Clinical Effectiveness Group,British Association for Sexual Health and HIV

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bateman

Molluscum contagiosum. In: Shelley

Crissey

(eds). Classics in dermatology, Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1953, pp. 20–20.

Darai

Reisner

Scholz

. Analysis of the genome of Molluscum contagiosum virus by restriction endonuclease analysis and molecular cloning. J Med Virol 1986; 18(1): 29–39.

Porter

Archard

. Characterisation and physical mapping of Molluscum contagiosum virus DNA and location of a sequence capable of encoding a conserved domain of epidermal growth factor. J Gen Virol 1987; 68: 673–682.

Porter

Muhlemann

Cream

. Molluscum contagiosum: characterization of viral DNA and clinical features. Epidemiol Infect 1987; 99(2): 563–567.

Porter

Archard

. Characterisation by restriction mapping of three subtypes of Molluscum contagiosum virus. J Med Virol 1992; 38: 1–6.

Saral

Kalkan

Ozdarendeli

. Detection of Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) subtype I as a single dominant virus subtype in Molluscum lesions from a Turkish population. Arch Med Res 2006; 37(3): 388–391.

Scholz J, Rösen-Wolff A, Bugert J, et al. Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum using genetic analysis of the viral DNA. J Med Virol 198; 27(2): 87–90.

Yamashita

Uemura

Kawashima

. Molecular epidemiologic analysis of Japanese patients with molluscum contagiosum. Int J Dermatol 1996; 35: 99–105.

Porter

Blake

Archard

. Molluscum contagiosum virus types in genital and non-genital lesions. Br J Dermatol 1989; 120: 37–41.

10.

Thompson

De Zwart-Steffe

Biggs

. Molecular epidemiology of Australian isolates of molluscum contagiosum. J Med Virol 1990; 32(1): 1–9.

11.

Thompson

De Zwart-Steffe

Donovan

. Clinical and molecular aspects of molluscum contagiosum infection in HIV-1 positive patients. Int J STD AIDS 1992; 3(2): 101–106.

12.

Epstein

. Molluscum contagiosum. Semin Dermatol 1992; 11: 184–189.

13.

Koning

Bruijnzeels

van Suijlekom-Smit

. Molluscum contagiosum in Dutch general practice. Br J Gen Pract 1994; 44(386): 417–419.

14.

Laxmisha

Thappa

Jaisankar

. Clinical profile of molluscum contagiosum in children versus adults. Dermatol Online J 2003; 9(5): 1–1.

15.

Pannell

Fleming

Cross

. The incidence of molluscum contagiosum, scabies and lichen planus. Epidemiol Infect 2005; 133(6): 985–991.

16.

Dohil

Lin

Lee

. The epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54(1): 47–54.

17.

Kakourou

Zachariades

Anastasiou

. Molluscum contagiosum in Greek children: a case series. Int J Dermatol 2005; 44(3): 2–2.

18.

Becker

Blount

Douglas

. Trends in molluscum contagiosum in the United States, 1966–1983. Sex Transm Dis 1988; 13: 88–92.

19.

Kumar

Sahoo

Gupta

. Rising incidence of genital herpes over two decades in a sexually transmitted disease clinic in north India. J Dermatol 2002; 29(2): 74–78.

20.

Villa

Varela

Otero

. Molluscum contagiosum: a 20-year study in a sexually transmitted infections unit. Sex Transm Dis 2010; 37(7): 423–424.

21.

Cribier

Scrivener

Grosshans

. Molluscum contagiosum: histologic patterns and associated lesions: a study of 578 lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 2001; 23(2): 99–103.

22.

Mulugeta

. Giant molluscum contagiosum presenting as a tumour in an HIV-infected patient: case report. Ethiop Medical J 2000; 38(2): 125–130.

23.

Park

Lee

Kim

. Molluscum contagiosum occurring in an epidermal cyst – report of 3 cases. J Dermatol 1992; 19(2): 119–121.

24.

Egawa

Honda

Ono

. Multiple giant molluscum contagiosa with cyst formation. Am J Dermatopathol 1995; 17(4): 414–416.

25.

Freeman

Moriarty

. Molluscum contagiosum presenting as cellulitis in an AIDS patient: cytologic and ultrastructural features. Diagn Cytopathol 1995; 12(4): 345–349.

26.

Phelps

Murphy

Elaba

. Molluscum contagiosum virus infection in benign cutaneous epithelial cystic lesions – report of 2 cases with different pathogenesis? Am J Dermatopathol 2010; 32(7): 740–742.

27.

Brandrup

Asschenfeldtz

. Molluscum contagiosum induced comedo and secondary abscess formation. Paediatr Dermatol 1989; 6(2): 118–121.

28.

Kazakov

Burg

Dummer

. Cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas: newly described entities. Recent Results Canc Res 2002; 160: 283–293.

29.

Moreno-Ramírez

García-Escudero

Ríos-Martín

. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma in association with molluscum contagiosum in an elderly patient. J Cutan Pathol 2003; 30(7): 473–473.

30.

Ackerman

Tanski

. Pseudoleukemia cutis: report of a case in association with molluscum contagiosum. Cancer 1977; 40: 813–817.

31.

de Diego

Berridi

Saracibar

. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma in association with molluscum contagiosum. Am J Dermatopathol 1998; 5: 518–521.

32.

Ive

. Follicular molluscum contagiosum. Br J Dermatol 1985; 113(4): 493–495.

33.

Jang

Kim

Choi

. Viral folliculitis on the face. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142(3): 555–559.

34.

Itin

Gilli

. Molluscum contagiosum mimicking sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn, ecthyma and giant condylomata acuminata in HIV-infected patients. Dermatology 1994; 189(4): 396–398.

35.

Gottlieb

Mycowski

. Molluscum contagiosum. Int J Dermatol 1994; 33: 453–461.

36.

Brown

Nalley

Kraus

. Molluscum contagiosum (review). Sex Trans Dis 1981; 8(3): 227–234.

37.

Osio

Deslandes

Saada

. Clinical characteristics of molluscum contagiosum in children in a private dermatology practice in the greater Paris area, France: a prospective study in 661 patients. Dermatology 2011; 222(4): 314–320.

38.

Laskaris

Sklavounou

. Molluscum contagiosum of the oral mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984; 58(6): 688–691.

39.

Whitaker

Wiegand

Budnick

. Intraoral molluscum contagiosum. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991; 72: 334–336.

40.

Fornatora

Reich

Gray

. Intraoral molluscum contagiosum: a report of a case and a review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 92(3): 318–320.

41.

Cohen

Tschen

. Plantar molluscum contagiosum: a case report of molluscum contagiosum occurring on the sole of the foot and a review of the world literature. Cutis 2012; 90(1): 35–41.

42.

Dickinson

Tschen

Wolf

Jr . Giant molluscum contagiosum of the sole. Cutis 1983; 32(3): 239–240.

43.

Park

Cho

. Solitary giant molluscum contagiosum of the sole. Pediatr Dermatol 1998; 15(3): 222–224.

44.

Katzman

Carey

Elmets

. Molluscum contagiosum and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: clinical and immunological details of two cases. Br J Dermatol 1987; 116: 131–138.

45.

Schwartz

Myuskowski

. Molluscum contagiosum in patients with HIV infection: a review of 27 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 27: 583–588.

46.

Nakamura-Wakatsuki

Kato

Miura

. Eruptive molluscum contagiosum in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and lung cancer. Rheumatol Int 2011; 31(8): 1117–1118.

47.

Brown

O'Donoghue

Moore

. Recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in an HIV-afflicted male treated successfully with topical Imiquimod. Cutis 2000; 65: 363–366.

48.

Trope

Lenzi

. AIDS and HIV infections: uncommon presentations. Clinics Dermatol 2005; 23(6): 572–580.

49.

Petersen

Gerstoft

. Molluscum contagiosum in HIV-infected patients. Dermatology 1992; 184(1): 19–21.

50.

Mansur

Göktay

Gündüz

. Multiple giant molluscum contagiosum in a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2004; 6(3): 120–123.

51.

Weisenseel

Kuznetsov

Flaig

. Disseminated eruptive giant mollusca contagiosa in an adult psoriasis patient during efalizumab therapy. Dermatology 2008; 217(1): 85–86.

52.

Hayashi

Hinoda

Takahashi

. Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia with Bowen's disease. Intern Med 1997; 36(11): 822–824.

53.

Moin

Farhoudi

Movahedi

. The clinical and laboratory survey of Iranian patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. Scand J Infect Dis 2006; 38(10): 898–903.

54.

Renner

Puck

Holland

. Autosomal recessive hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: a distinct disease entity. J Pediatr 2004; 144(1): 93–99.

55.

Mayumi

Yamaoka

Tsutsui

. Selective immunoglobulin M deficiency associated with disseminated molluscum contagiosum. Eur J Pediatr 1986; 145(1–2): 99–103.

56.

Cotton

DWK

Cooper

Barrett

. Severe atypical molluscum contagiosum infection in an immunocompromised host. Br J Dermatol 1987; 116(6): 871–876.

57.

Georgala

Katoulis

Kanelleas

. Human papilloma virus and molluscum contagiosum lesions related to infliximab therapy for psoriasis: a case series (letter). Dermatol Online J 2012; 18(4): 9–9.

58.

Dann

Tabibian

. Cutaneous diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients referred to the UCLA Immunosuppression Skin Clinic: reasons for referral and management of select diseases. Cutis 1995; 55(2): 8598–8598.

59.

Healy

Meenan

Mulcahy

. The spectrum of HIV related skin diseases in an Irish population. Ir Med J 1993; 86(6): 188–188.

60.

Lanjewar

Bhosale

Iyer

. Spectrum of dermatopathologic lesions associated with HIV/AIDS in India. Ind J Pathol Microbiol 2002; 45(3): 293–293.

61.

Matis

Triana

Shapiro

. Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17(5 Pt 1): 746–751.

62.

Hira

Wadhawan

Kamanga

. Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus in Lusaka, Zambia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 19(3): 451–457.

63.

Goodman

Teplitz

Wishner

. Prevalence of cutaneous disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17: 210–220.

64.

Ficarra

Cortés

Rubino

. Facial and perioral molluscum contagiosum in patients with HIV infection. A report of eight cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 78(5): 621–621.

65.

Kumarasamy

Solomon

Madhivanan

. Dermatologic manifestations among human immunodeficiency virus patients in south India. Int J Dermatol 2000; 39(3): 192–195.

66.

Smith

Skelton

Yeager

. Cutaneous findings in HIV-1 positive patients: a 42-month prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31: 746–754.

67.

Muñoz-Pérez

Rodriguez-Pichardo

Camacho

. Dermatological findings correlated with CD4 lymphocyte counts in a prospective 3 year study of 1161 patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease predominantly acquired through intravenous drug abuse. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139(1): 33–39.

68.

Singh

Thappa

Hamide

. The spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations during the evolutionary phases of HIV disease: an emerging Indian scenario. J Dermatol 1999; 26(5): 294–304.

69.

Kolokotronis

Antoniades

Katsoulidis

. Facial and perioral molluscum contagiosum as a manifestation of HIV infection. Aust Dent J 2000; 45(1): 49–52.

70.

Maurer

Rodrigues

Ameli

. The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on dermatologic disease in a longitudinal study of HIV type 1-infected women. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38(4): 579–584.

71.

Mirowski

Hilton

Greenspan

. Association of cutaneous and oral diseases in HIV-infected men. Oral Dis 1998; 4(1): 16–21.

72.

Koopman

van Merrienboer

Vreden

. Molluscum contagiosum: a marker for advanced HIV infection. Br J Dermatol 1992; 126: 528–529.

73.

Ficarra

Gaglioti

. Facial molluscum contagiosum in HIV-infected patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989; 18(4): 200–201.

74.

Ikoona

Kalyesubula

Kawuma

. Ocular manifestations in paediatric HIV/AIDS patients in Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2003; 3(2): 83–86.

75.

Robinson

Udell

Garber

. Molluscum contagiosum of the eyelids in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology 1992; 99(11): 1745–1747.

76.

Cursiefen

Grunke

Dechant

. Multiple bilateral eyelid molluscum contagiosum lesions associated with TNFA-antibody and methotrexate therapy. Am J Ophthamol 2002; 134(2): 270–271.

77.

Margo

Katz

. Management of periocular molluscum contagiosum in children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1983; 20(1): 19–21.

78.

Schornack

Siemsen

Bradley

. Ocular manifestations of molluscum contagiosum. Clin Exp Optom 2006; 89(6): 390–393.

79.

Charteris

Bonshek

Tullo

. Ophthalmic molluscum contagiosum: clinical and immunopathological features. Br J Ophthamol 1995; 79(5): 476–481.

80.

Yoshinaga

Conrado

Schainberg

. Recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in a patient with AIDS: combined treatment with CO2 laser, trichloroacetic acid and pulsed dye laser. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 27(4): 291–294.

81.

Calista

Boschini

Landi

. Resolution of disseminated molluscum contagiosum with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with AIDS. Eur J Dermatol 1999; 9(3): 211–213.

82.

French

Lenzo

John

. Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2000; 1(2): 107–115.

83.

Ratnam

Chiu

Kandala

. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an ethnically diverse HIV type 1-infected cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42(3): 418–427.

84.

De Carvalho Vânia Oliveira Cristina Rodrigues Cruz . An inflammatory reaction surrounding molluscum contagiosum as possible manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV infection. Pediatr Dermatol 2010; 27(6): 631–634.

85.

Murdoch

Venter

Feldman

. Incidence and risk factors for the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: a prospective study. AIDS 2008; 22(5): 601–610.

86.

Osei-Sekyere

Karstaedt

. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35(5): 477–481.

87.

Pereira

Fernandes

Nachiambo

. Exuberant molluscum contagiosum as a manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Dermatol Online J 2007; 13(2): 6–6.

88.

Micali

Lacarrubba

. Augmented diagnostic capability using videodermatoscopy on selected infectious and non-infectious penile growths. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50(12): 1501–1505.

89.

Ianhez

Cestari Sda

Enokihara

. Dermoscopic patterns of molluscum contagiosum: a study of 211 lesions confirmed by histopathology. An Bras Dermatol 2011; 6(1): 74–79.

90.

Zalaudek

Giacomel

Cabo

. Entodermoscopy: a new tool for diagnosing skin infections and infestations. Dermatology 2008; 216(1): 14–23.

91.

Ruocco

Baroni

Donnarumma

. Diagnostic procedures in dermatology. Clin Dermatol 2011; 29(5): 548–556.

92.

Trama

Adelson

Mordechai

. Identification and genotyping of Molluscum contagiosum virus from genital swab samples by real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. J Clin Virol 2007; 40(4): 325–329.

93.

Piccinno

Carrel

Menni

. Preputial ectopic sebaceous glands mimicking molluscum contagiosum. Acta Derm Venereol 1990; 70(4): 344–345.

94.

Feliciani

Pennacchia

Massi

. Adult self-healing papular mucinosis on genital skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34(8): e760–e762.

95.

Sims

McLean

Davis

. Vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum: a report of 3 cases, 2 associated with vulvar carcinoma and 1 with hidradenitis suppurativa. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2010; 14(3): 234–237.

96.

Vlastos

Malpica

Follen

. Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva: a review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 101(5 Pt 1): 946–954.

97.

Heath

Patel

Fisher

. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei: presenting illness of advanced HIV infection; a clinicopathological review, illustrated by a case report. Pathology 1995; 27(1): 101–105.

98.

Singh

Ranjana

Singh

. Indigenous disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in the state of Manipur, India: report of four autochthonous cases. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 2699–2702.

99.

Supparatpinyo

Khamwan

Baosoung

. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in Southeast Asia. Lancet 1994; 344: 110–113.

100.

Chiewchanvit

Chuaychoo

Mahanupab

. Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as molluscum-like lesions in three male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Med Assoc Thai 1994; 77(6): 322–326.

101.

Murakawa

Kerschmann

Berger

. Cutaneous cryptococcus infection and AIDS. Report of 12 cases and review of literature. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132: 545–548.

102.

Dharmshale

Patil

Gohil

. Disseminated crytococcosis with extensive cutaneous involvement in AIDS. Ind J Med Microbiol 2006; 24(3): 228–230.

103.

Durden

Elewski

. Cutaneous involvement with Cryptococcus neoformans in AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 30(5 pt 2): 844–848.

104.

Ghigliotti

Carreg

Farris

. Cutaneous cryptococcosis resembling molluscum contagiosum in a homosexual man with AIDS. Report of a case and review of the literature. Acta Derm-Venereolog 1992; 72(3): 182–184.

105.

Manfredi

Mazzoni

Nanetti

. Morphologic features and clinical significance of skin involvement in patients with AIDS-related cryptococcosis. Acta Derm Venereolog 1996; 76(1): 72–74.

106.

Pema

Diaz

Guerra

. Disseminated cutaneous cryptococcosis. Comparison of clinical manifestations in the pre-AIDS and AIDS eras. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154(9): 1032–1034.

107.

Ramdial

Calonje

Sing

. Molluscum-like cutaneous cryptococcosis: a histopathological and pathogenetic appraisal. J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35(11): 1007–1013.

108.

Rajpal

Dwivedi

Chaudhary

. Disseminated cryptococcosis in an HIV-negative patient. Trop Doct 2009; 39(2): 114–115.

109.

Imwidthaya

. Systemic fungal infections in Thailand. J Med Vet Mycol 1994; 32(5): 395–399.

110.

Navarro

Tupasi

Verallo

. Disseminated histoplasmosis with unusual cutaneous lesions in a patient from the Philippines. Am J Trop Medicine Hyg 1992; 46(2): 141–145.

111.

Hennessey

Parro

Cockerell

. Cutaneous Pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127(11): 1699–1701.

112.

Hunt

Nagi

Gross

. Primary cutaneous Aspergillosis near central venous catheters in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1992; 128(9): 1229–1232.

113.

Castronovo

Lebas

Nikkels-Tassodji

. Viral infections of the pubis. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23(1): 48–50.

114.

Shlay

McClung

Patnaik

. Comparison of sexually transmitted disease prevalence by reported level of condom use among patients attending an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sex Transm Dis 2004; 31(3): 154–160.

115.

Radcliffe

Daniels

Evans

. Molluscum contagiosum: a neglected sentinel infection. Int J STD AIDS 1991; 2(6): 416–418.

116.

Van der Wouden

Van der Sande

Van Suijlekom-Smit . Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online) 2009; 4: CD004767–CD004767.

117.

Barton

Chard

. Facial molluscum: treatment with cryotherapy and podophyllotoxin. Int J STD AIDS 2002; 13(4): 277–278.

118.

Syed

Lundin

Ahmad

. Topical 0.3% and 0.5% podophyllotoxin cream for self-treatment of molluscum contagiosum in males. Dermatology 1994; 189(1): 65–68.

119.

Teilla-Hamel

Roux

Loeb

. Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of topical podophyllotoxin (0.5% solution) on molluscum contagiosum in children. Eur J Dermatol 1996; 6: 437–440.

120.

Liota

Smith

Buckley

. Imiquimod therapy for molluscum contagiosum. J Cutan Med Surg 2000; 4: 76–82.

121.

Hengge

Goos

Arndt

. Topical treatment of warts and mollusca with Imiquimod. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132(1): 95–95.

122.

Strauss

Doyle

Mohsen

. Successful treatment of molluscum contagiosum with topical imiquimod in a severely immunocompromised HIV-positive patient. Int J STD AIDS 2001; 12(4): 264–266.

123.

Hengge

Esser

Schultewolter

. Self-administered topical 5% Imiquimod for the treatment of common warts and molluscum contagiosum. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 1026–1031.

124.

Barba

Kapoor

Berman

. An open label safety study of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children. Dermatol Online J 2001; 7: 20–23.

125.

Syed

Goswami

Ahmadpour

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum in males with an analog of Imiquimod 1% in cream: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Dermatol 1998; 25: 309–313.

126.

Lin

Linn

Liu

. An immunocompromised woman with severe molluscum contagiosum that responded well to topical imiquimod: a case report and literature review. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2010; 14(2): 134–135.

127.

Bayerl

Feller

Goordt

. Experience in treating molluscum contagiosum in children with imiquimod 5% cream. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(suppl 66): 25–29.

128.

Hanna

Hatami

Powell

. A prospective randomized trial comparing the efficacy and adverse effects of four recognized treatments of molluscum contagiosum in children. Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23(6): 574–579.

129.

Martín-García

García

Rosado

. Modified curettage technique for molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Dermatol 2007; 24(2): 192–194.

130.

Simonart

De Maertelaer

. Curettage treatment for molluscum contagiosum: a follow-up survey study. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159(5): 1144–1147.

131.

Binder

Weger

Komericki

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with a pulsed dye laser: pilot study with 19 children. JDDG 2008; 6: 121–125.

132.

Michel

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with 585 nm collagen remodeling pulsed dye laser. Eur J Dermatol 2004; 14(2): 103–106.

133.

Chatproedprai

Suwannakarn

Wananukul

. Efficacy of pulsed dye laser in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum subtype 1. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2007; 38(5): 849–854.

134.

Dabis

Rosbotham

Jones

. Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser treatment for molluscum contagiosum. J Dermatol Treat 2006; 17(1): 45–47.

135.

Nehal

Sarnoff

Gotkin

. Pulsed dye laser treatment of molluscum contagiosum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Dermatol Surg 1998; 24(5): 533–535.

136.

Hancox

Jackson

McCagh

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with the pulsed dye laser over a 28-month period. Cutis 2003; 71(5): 414–416.

137.

Hughes

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with the 585-nm pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg 1998; 24(2): 229–232.

138.

Hindson

Cotterill

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with the pulsed tuneable dye laser. Clin Exp Dermatol 1997; 22(5): 255–255.

139.

Leslie

Dootson

Sterling

. Topical salicylic acid gel as a treatment for molluscum contagiosum in children. J Dermatolog Treat 2005; 16(5–6): 336–340.

140.

Ohkuma

. Molluscum contagiosum treated with iodine solution and salicylic acid plaster. Int J Dermatol 1990; 29(6): 443–445.

141.

Sadick

Sorhaindo

. A comparative split-face study of cryosurgery and trichloroacetic acid 100% peels in the treatment of HIV-associated disseminated facial molluscum contagiosum. Cutis 2009; 83(6): 299–302.

142.

Garrett

Robinson

Roenigk

Jr . Trichloroacetic acid peel of molluscum contagiosum in immunocompromised patients. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992; 18(10): 855–858.

143.

Saryazdi

. The comparative efficacy of benzoyl peroxide 10% cream and tretinoin 0.05% cream in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Abstract 10th World Congress on Pediatric Dermatology. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(3): 399–399.

144.

Ormerod

White

Shah

. Molluscum contagiosum effectively treated with a topical acidified nitrite, nitric oxide liberating cream. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141(6): 1051–1053.

145.

Romiti

Ribeiro

Romiti

. Evaluation of the effectiveness of 5% potassium hydroxide for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Dermatol 2000; 17(6): 495–495.

146.

Romiti

Ribeiro

Grinblat

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with potassium hydroxide: a clinical approach in 35 children. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16(3): 228–231.

147.

Short

Fuller

Higgins

. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the use of topical 10% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23(3): 279–281.

148.

Metkar

Pande

Khopkar

. An open, nonrandomized, comparative study of imiquimod 5% cream versus 10% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008; 74(6): 614–618.

149.

Rajouria

Amatya

Karn

. Comparative study of 5% potassium hydroxide solution versus 0.05% tretinoin cream for molluscum contagiosum in children. Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011; 9(36): 291–294.

150.

Niizeki

Hashimoto

. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with silver nitrate paste. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16(5): 395–397.

151.

Calista

. Topical cidofovir for severe cutaneous human papilloma virus and molluscum contagiosum infections in patients with HIV/AIDS. A pilot study. JEAVD 2000; 14(6): 484–488.

152.

Toro

Wood

Patel

. Topical cidofovir. A novel treatment for recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 983–985.

153.

Davis

Thrasher

Lacey

. Topical cidofovir for severe molluscum contagiosum. Lancet 1999; 353(9169): 2042–2042.

154.

Zabawski

Cockerell

. Topical cidofovir for molluscum contagiosum in children. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16: 414–415.

155.

Meadows

Tyring

Pavia

. Resolution of recalcitrant Molluscum contagiosum virus lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with cidofovir. Arch Dermatol 1997; 133: 987–990.

156.

Ibarra

Blanco

Oteo

. Efficacy of cidofovir in the treatment of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in an AIDS patient. Acta Derm Venereol 2000; 80: 315–316.

157.

Erickson

Driscoll

Gaspari

. Efficacy of intravenous cidofovir in the treatment of giant molluscum contagiosum in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Dermatol 2011; 147(6): 652–654.

158.

Nelson

Chard

Barton

. Intralesional interferon for the treatment of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in HIV antibody positive individuals – a preliminary report. Int J STD AIDS 1995; 6(5): 351–352.

159.

Hourihane

Hodges

Smith

. Interferon α treatment of molluscum contagiosum in immunodeficiency. Arch Dis Child 1999; 80(1): 77–79.

160.

Kilic

Kilicbay

. Interferon-alpha treatment of molluscum contagiosum in a patient with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Pediatrics 2006; 117(6): 1253–1255.

161.

Sen

Bhaumik

. Resolution of giant molluscum contagiosum with antiretroviral therapy. Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008; 74(3): 267–268.

162.

Sen

Goswami

Karjyi

. Disfiguring molluscum contagiosum in a HIV-positive patient responding to antiretroviral therapy. Ind J Dermatol 2009; 54(2): 180–182.

163.

Hurni

Böhlen

Furrer

. Complete regression of giant molluscum contagiosum lesions in an HIV-infected patient following combined antiretroviral therapy with saquinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine. AIDS 1997; 11(14): 1784–1785.

164.

Cattelan

Sasset

Corti

. A complete remission of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in an AIDS patient following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J Infect 1999; 38(1): 58–60.

165.

Hicks

Myers

Giner

. Resolution of intractable molluscum contagiosum in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient after institution of antiretroviral therapy with ritonavir. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24(5): 1023–1025.