A new reference strain of influenza A virus sensitive to amantadine was selected, and a resistant mutant derived from it; these viruses are believed to be safer for use as internal controls in diagnostic and research laboratories than previously used reference strains which are potential human pathogens.
References
1.
AppleyardG. (1977) Amantadine-resistance as a genetic marker for influenza viruses. J Gen Virol36: 249–255.
2.
BelsheR.B.SmithM.H.HallC.B.BettsR., and HayA.J. (1988) Genetic basis of resistance to rimantadine emerging during treatment of influenza virus infection. J Virol52: 1508–1512.
3.
CoxN.J.NakajimaS.BlackR., and KendalA.P. (1986) Oligonucleotide mapping of viral ribonucleic acid as an aid in identifying laboratory contaminants of influenza virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis4: 231–239.
4.
HallC.B.DolinR.GalaC.L.MarkovitzD.M.ZhangY.Q.MadoreP.H.DisneyF.A.TalpeyW.B.GreenJ.L.FrancisA.B., and PichicheroM.E. (1987) Children with influenza A infection; Treatment with rimantadine. Pediatrics80: 275–282.
5.
HarmonM.W.RotaP.A.WallsH.H., and KendalA.P. (1988) Antibody response in humans to influenza virus type B host-cell-derived variants after vaccination with standard (egg-derived) vaccine or natural infectionJ Clin Microbiol26: 333–337.
6.
HayA.J.WolstenholmeA.J.SkehelJ.J., and SmithM.H. (1985) The molecular basis of the specific anti-influenza action of amantadine. EMBO J4: 3021–3024.
7.
HaydenF.G.BelsheR.B.CloverR.D.HayA.J.OakesM.G., and SooW. (1989) Emergence and apparent transmission of rimantadine-resistant influenza A virus in families. New Engl J Med321: 1696–702.
8.
JacksonG.G. (1986) The development and clinical evaluation of amantadine for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A. In: Options for the Control of Influenza (eds KendalA.P., and PatriarcaP.A.), pp. 293–315. Alan R. Liss, New York.
9.
LambR.A.ZebedeeS.L., and RichardsonC.D. (1985) Influenza virus M2 protein is an integral membrane protein expressed on the infected-cell surface. Cell40: 627–633.
10.
OrlichM.KhatchianD.TeiglerA., and RottR. (1990) Structural variation occurring in the hemagglutinin of influenza virus A/Turkey/Oregon/71 during adaptation to different cell types. Virology176: 531–538.
11.
OxfordJ.S. (1975) Specific inhibitors of influenza virus replication as potential chemoprophylactic agents. J Antimicrobiol Chemother1: 7–23.
12.
OxfordJ.S., and PotterC.W. (1973) Aminoadamantane resistant strains of influenza A2 virus. J Hyg (Camb)71: 227–236.
13.
ThompsonJ.FleetW.LawrenceE.PierceE.MorrisL., and WrightP. (1987) A comparison of acetominophen and rimantadine in the treatment of influenza A infection in children. J Med Virol21: 249–255.
14.
TuckovaE.VonkaV.ZavadovaH., and KutinovaL. (1973) Sensitivity to 1-adamantanamine as a marker in genetic studies with influenza viruses. J Biol Stand1: 341–346.
15.
WallsH.H.HarmonM.W.SlagleJ.J.StocksdaleC., and KendalA.P., (1986) Characterisation and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies developed for typing influenza A and influenza B viruses. J Clin Microbiol23: 240–245.
16.
ZlydnikovD.M.KubarO.I.KovalevaT.P., and KamforinL.E. (1981) Study of Rimantadine in the USSR: a review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis3: 408–421.
