Targets for Antiviral Chemotherapy: HIV Regulatory Proteins

Berkhout B. Silverman R.H. , and Jaeng K.-T. (1989) Tat trans-activates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target. Cell 59: 273–282.

Braddock M. Chambers A. Wilson W. Esnouf M.P. Adams S.E. Kingsman A.J. , and Kingsman S.M. (1989) HIV-1 TAT activates presynthesised RNA in the nucleus. Cell 58: 269–279.

Cochrane A. W. Chen C.-H. Kramer R. Tomchak L. , and Rosen C.A. (1989) Purification of biologically active human immunodeficiency virus rev protein from Escherichia coli. Virology 173: 335–337.

Cohen E.A. Terwilliger E.F. Sodroski J.G. , and Haseltine W.A. (1988) Identification of a protein encoded by the vpu gene of HIV-1. Nature 334: 532–534.

Daly T.J. Cook K.S. Gray G.S. Malone T.E. , and Rusche J.R. (1989) Specific binding of HIV-1 recombinant Rev protein to the Rev response element in vitro. Nature 342: 816–819.

Dayton A.I. Sodroski J.G. Rosen C.A. Goh W.C. , and Haseltine W.A. (1986) The trans-activator gene of the human T lymphotropic virus type III is required for replication. Cell 44: 941–947.

Dingwall C. Ernberg I. Gait M.J. Green S.M. Heaphy S. Karn J. Lowe A.D. Singh M. Skinner M.A. , and Valerio R. (1989) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 tat protein binds transactivation responsive region (TAR) RNA in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 6925–6929.

Evans R.M. , and Hollenberg S.M. (1988) Zinc fingers: gilt by association. Cell 52: 1–3.

Felber B.K. , and Pavlakis G.N. (1988) A quantitative bioassay for HIV-1 based on trans-activation. Science 239: 184–187.

Feng S. , and Holland E.C. (1988) HIV-1 trans-activation requires the loop sequence within TAR. Nature 34: 165–167.

Frankel A.D. Biancalana S. , and Hudson D. (1989) Activity of synthetic peptides from the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 7397–7401.

Frankel A.D. Bredt D.S. , and Pabo C.O. (1988a) Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus forms a metal linked dimer. Science 240: 70–73.

Frankel A.D. Chen L. Cotter R.J. , and Pabo C.O. (1988b) Dimerisation of the Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus: a cysteine rich peptide mimics the normal metal linked dimer interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 6297–6300.

Friedman A.D. Triezenberg S.J. , and McKnight S.L. (1988) Expression of a truncated viral trans-activator selectively impedes lytic infection by its cognate virus. Nature 335: 452–454.

Gatignol A. Kumar A. Rabson A. , and Jaeng K.-T. (1989) Identification of cellular proteins that bind to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transactivation responsive TAR element RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 7828–7832.

Gentz R. Chen C.-H. , and Rosen C.A. (1989) Bioassay for transactivation using purified human immunodeficiency virus tat encoded protein: trans-activation requires mRNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 821–824.

Gill G. , and Ptashne M. (1989) Negative effect of the transcriptional activator GAL4. Nature 334: 721–724.

Green M. Ishino M. , and Loewenstein P.M. (1989) Mutational analysis of HIV-1 Tat minimal domain peptides: identification of trans-dominant mutants that suppress HIV-LTR driven gene expression. Cell 58: 215–223.

Hauber J. Malim M. , and Cullen B. (1989) Mutational analysis of the conserved basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus tat protein. J Virol 63: 1181–1187.

Herskowitz I. (1987) Functional inactivation of genes by dominant negative mutations. Nature 329: 219–222.

Jameson B.A. (1989) Modelling in peptide design. Nature 341: 465–466.

Kao S.Y. Caiman A. Luciw P.A. , and Peterlin B.M. (1987) Antitermination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product. Nature 330: 489–493.

Keegan L. Gill G. , and Ptashne M. (1986) Separation of DNA-binding from the transcription activating function of a eukaryotic regulatory protein. Science 231: 699–704.

Kuppuswamy M. Subramanian T. Srinivasan A. , and Chinnadurai G. (1989) Multiple functional domains of Tat, the trans-activator of HIV-1 defined by mutational analysis. Nucl Acids Res 17: 3551–3561.

Laspia M.F. Rice A.P. , and Mathews M.B. (1989) HIV-1 TAT protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilises elongation. Cell 59: 283–292.

Leonard J. Parrott C. Buckler-White A.J. Turner W. Ross E.K. Martin M.A. , and Rabson A.B. (1989) The NF-kB binding sites in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat are not required for virus infectivity. J Virol 63: 4919–4924.

Luciw P.A. Cheng-Mayer C. , and Levy J.A. (1987) Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus. The orf B region down regulates virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 1434–1438.

Malim M.H. Bohnlein S. Hauber J. , and Cullen B.R. (1989a) Functional dissection of the HIV-1 Rev trans-activator: derivation of a trans-dominant repressor of Rev function. Cell 58: 205–214.

Malim M.H. Hauber J. Le S.-Y. Maizel J.V. , and Cullen B.R. (1989b) The HIV-1 rev trans-activator acts through a structured target sequence to activate nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNA. Nature 338: 254–257.

Miller J. McLachlan A.D. , and Klug A. (1985) Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 4: 1609–1614.

Mitsuya H. , and Broder S. (1987) Strategies for antiviral therapy in AIDS. Nature 325: 773–778.

Muesing M.A. Smith D.H. , and Capon D.J. (1987) Regulation of mRNA accumulation by a human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein. Cell 48: 691–701.

Pavlakis G.N. , and Febler B.K. (1990) Regulation of expression of human immunodeficiency virus. The New Biologist 2: 20–31.

Rimsky L. Hauber J. Dukovich M. Malim M.H. Langlois A. Cullen B.R. , and Greene W.C. (1989) Functional replacement of the HIV-1 rev protein by the HTLV-1 rex protein. Nature 335: 738–740.

Ruben S. Perkins A. Purcell R. Joung K. Sia R. Burghoff R. Haseltine W.A. , and Rosen C. (1989) Structural and functional characterisation of human immunodeficiency virus tat protein. J Virol 63: 1–8.

Sanford J.C. , and Johnston S.A. (1985) J Theor Biol 113: 395–405.

Sodroski J. Goh W.C. Rosen C. Tartar A. Portetelle D. Burny A. , and Haseltine W. (1986) Replicative and cytopathic potential of HTLV-III/LAV with sor deletions. Science 231: 1549–1553.

Struhl K. , (1989) Helix-turn-helix, zinc finger and leucine zipper motifs for eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. TIBS 14: 137–140.

Terwilliger E. Burghoff R. Sia R. Sodroski J. , and Rosen C. (1988) The art gene product of human immunodeficiency virus is required for replication. J Virol 62: 655–658.

Varmus H. (1988) Regulation of HIV and HTLV gene expression. Genes Dev 2: 1055–1062.

Wachsman W. Cann A.J. Williams J.L. Slamon D.J. Souza L. Shah N.P. , and Chen I.S.Y. (1987) HTLVx gene mutants exhibit novel transcriptional regulatory phenotypes Science 235: 674–677.

Wong-Staal F. Chanda P.K. , and Ghrayeb J. (1987) HIV: The eighth gene. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 3: 33–39.