This paper reviews the literature on “healthy cities” and, more
specifically, the attempts by city governments, international agencies, NGOs and
community organizations to improve health in cities within Healthy Cities programmes
or projects. Such programmes are generally initiated by city authorities, but with a
recognition that to be effective, first they must mobilize integrated action from
citizen groups, NGOs and private enterprises and, secondly, they must involve
coordinated action between many sectors. As such, this review reflects on the
achievements of Healthy Cities programmes around the world and the future challenges
they face. It also seeks to give some idea of the number of Healthy Cities
initiatives underway, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America, even though
there is still relatively little published literature on them.
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