Idealization through interactive modeling and experimental assessment of 3D-printed gyroid for trabecular bone scaffold

Abstract

Porous scaffolds assisted bone tissue engineering is a viable alternative for reconstruction of large segmental bone defects caused by bone pathologies or trauma. In the current study, we intend to develop trabecular bone scaffolds using gyroid architecture. An interactive modeling framework is developed for the design of three-dimensional gyroid scaffolds using advanced generative tools including K3DSurf, MeshLab, and Netfabb. The suggested modeling approach resulted in uniform and interconnected pores. Subsequently, fused deposition modeling 3D-printing is employed to fabricate the scaffolds using poly lactic acid material. The pores interconnectivity, porosity, and surface finish of the fabricated scaffolds are characterized using micro-computer tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, to assess the performance of scaffolds as a bone substitute, compression, and in-vitro biocompatibility tests on sterilized scaffolds are conducted. Compression tests reveal mechanical strength in the range of native bone while human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells show high proliferation after 72 h of incubation. Based on these results, the fabricated gyroid scaffolds can be said to possess favorable properties for trabecular bone scaffold.