Experimental study and model validation of selective spinal cord and brain hypothermia induced by a simple torso-cooling pad

Abstract

In vivo experiments have been performed to test the effectiveness of a torso-cooling pad to reduce the temperature in the spinal cord and brain in rats. Coolant was circulated through the cooling pad to provide either mild or moderate cooling. Temperatures in the brain tissue, on the head surface, and on the spine and back surfaces were measured. During mild cooling, the temperature on the back surface was 22.82 ± 2.43 °C compared to 29.34 ± 1.94 °C on the spine surface. The temperature on the back surface during moderate cooling was 13.66 ± 1.28 °C compared to 24.12 ± 5.7 °C on the spine surface. Although the temperature in the brain tissue did not drastically deviate from its baseline value during cooling, there was a difference between the rectal and brain temperatures during cooling, which suggests mild hypothermia in the brain tissue. Using experimental data, theoretical models of the rat head and torso were developed to predict the regional temperatures and to validate the rat models. There was good agreement between the theoretical and experimental temperatures in the torso region. Differences between the predicted and measured temperatures in the brain are likely to be the result of imperfect mixing between the cold spinal fluid and the warm cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the brain.