Large eddy simulation was employed to simulate the effects of different vane angles of the primary and pilot stages on the ignition process of a combustor under normal temperature and pressure conditions. The simulation results of different vane angles of the pilot stage were then verified experimentally. Kernel initiation and flame propagation in the cases of ignition success and failure were analysed. It was found that in the ignition failure case, the flame kernels are confined to the downstream zones of the venturi and cannot propagate radially, and almost no negative displacement exists in the axial direction. However, in the ignition success case, sub-fire kernels are always present outside the radial boundary of the primary stage. Five ignition modes were finally proposed: (I1) typical ignition, (I2) relatively high-speed ignition, (I3) single-kernel alternating dominant, (I4) main kernel dominant, and (I5) dual-kernel dominant modes. Using high-speed photography, the flame shape changes and ignition characteristics in the cases of successful and failed ignition with different pilot-stage vane angles were investigated.
LacazeGRichardsonEPoinsotT. Large eddy simulation of spark ignition in a turbulent methane jet. Combustion and flame2009; 156(10): 1993–2009.
2.
TriantafyllidisAMastorakosEEggelsR-L-G-M. Large Eddy Simulations of forced ignition of a non-premixed bluff-body methane flame with Conditional Moment Closure. Combustion and Flame2009; 156(12): 2328–2345.
3.
SubramanianVDomingoPVervischL. Large eddy simulation of forced ignition of an annular bluff-body burner. Combustion and Flame2010; 157(3): 579–601.
4.
JonesW-PArturT. Large eddy simulation of spark ignition in a gas turbine combustor. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion2010; 85(3–4): 711–734.
5.
EyssartierABenedicteCGicquel Laurent-Y-M, et al.Using LES to predict ignition sequences and ignition probability of turbulent two-phase flames. Combustion and Flame2013; 160(7): 1191–1207.
6.
EsclapezLEleonoreRBénédicteC. Ignition probability of a partially premixed burner using LES. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute2015; 35(3): 3133–3141.
7.
BoileauMStaffelbachGCuenotB, et al.LES of an ignition sequence in a gas turbine engine. Combustion and Flame2008; 154(1): 2–22.
8.
BoileauMPascaudSRiberE, et al.Investigation of two-fluid methods for large eddy simulation of spray combustion in gas turbines. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion2008; 80(3): 291–321.
9.
PascaudSMatthieuBMartinezL, et al.LES of steady spray flame and ignition sequences in aeronautical combustors. In 1st Workshop INCA. Villaroche, France: SNECMA, 2005.
10.
MarchioneTAhmedS-FMastorakosE. Ignition of turbulent swirling n-heptane spray flames using single and multiple sparks. Combustion and Flame2009; 156(1): 166–180.
11.
ZhaoDMXiaYFGeHW, et al.Large eddy simulation of flame propagation during the ignition process in an annular multiple-injector combustor. J]. Fuel2020; 263: 116402.
12.
ReadR-WRogersonJ-WHochgrebS. Planar laser-induced fluorescence fuel imaging during gas-turbine relight. Journal of Propulsion and Power2013; 29(4): 961–974.
13.
ReadR-WRogersonJ-WHochgrebS. Flame imaging of gas-turbine relight. AIAA Journal2010; 48(9): 1916–1927.
14.
MosbachTSadanandanRMeierW, et al.Experimental analysis of altitude relight under realistic conditions using laser and high-speed video techniques. ASME; 2010, pp. 523–532.
15.
ZhaoQPYangJHMuY, et al.Experimental investigation of flow field features and spark ignition process in a multi-swirl airblast injector. Fuel, 2021; 306: 121732.
16.
BoileauMMossaJBCuenotB, et al.Toward LES of an ignition sequence in a full helicopter combustor. In 1st Workshop INCA. Villaroche, France, 2005, pp. 27–34.
17.
SunYCCaiZWangTYSunMB, et al.Numerical study on cavity ignition process in a supersonic combustor. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2020; 21(10): 848–858.
18.
LefebvreAH. Gas turbine combustion. CRC Press, 2010.
19.
Marrero-SantiagoJFelixC-BEleonoreR, et al.On the mechanisms of flame kernel extinction or survival during aeronautical ignition sequences: experimental and numerical analysis. Combustion and Flame2020; 222: 70–84.
20.
BourgouinJ-FDanielDThierryS, et al.Ignition dynamics of an annular combustor equipped with multiple swirling injectors. Combustion and Flame2013; 160(8): 1398–1413.
21.
PrieurKDuroxDBeaunierJ, et al.Ignition dynamics in an annular combustor for liquid spray and premixed gaseous injection. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute2017; 36(3): 3717–3724.
22.
CiardielloRde Oliveira Pedro-MSkiba Aaron-W, et al.Effect of spark location and laminar flame speed on the ignition transient of a premixed annular combustor. Combustion and Flame2020; 221: 296–310.
23.
JiangPHeX. Ignition characteristics of a novel mixed-flow trapped vortex combustor for turboshaft engine. Fuel2020: 261116430.
24.
ZhaoYHeXLiM, et al.Ignition, efficiency and emissions of RP-3 kerosene in a three-staged multi-injection combustor. Fuel Processing Technology2020; 261: 116430.
25.
YangSZhangCLinY, et al.Experimental investigation of the ignition process in a separated dual-swirl spray flame. Combustion and Flame2020; 219: 161–177.
26.
DentonM. Experimental investigation into the high altitude relight characteristics of a three-cup combustor sector. Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017.
27.
DagautPMarcellineRJean-ClaudeB, et al.Kerosene combustion at pressures up to 40 atm: experimental study and detailed chemical kinetic modeling. Symposium (International) on Combustion1994; 25(1): 919–926.
28.
AnthonyINan-SueyL. The effect of spray initial conditions on heat release and emissions in LDI CFD calculations, NASA; 2008.
29.
YangSZhangCLinY, et al.Experimental investigation of the ignition process in a separated dual-swirl spray flame. Combustion and Flame2020; 219: 161–177.
30.
NaegeliD-WDodge Lee-G. Ignition study in a gas turbine combustor. Combustion science and technology1991; 80(4–6): 165–184.
