Satellite constellations in inclined multi-stationary orbits

Abstract

After a general approach to the concept of multi-synchronous orbit (MSO) missions, which includes some past investigations on the use of orbits alternative to the Geostationary one, a selection of satellite constellations in MSOs, providing continuous and complete longitudinal coverage of the Earth, has been carried out. The concept of four-leaf clover system (FLCS), already introduced in the past for the equatorial–tropical belt, has been generalized, taking into account orbit inclinations up to the critical value (63.43°) and the consequent different operational scenarios. The temporal evolution of ground tracks and coverage of periodic orbits have been investigated in depth. A comparison between a Geostationary system and an inclined FLCS, in terms of costs and performance, pointed out the advantages of using these latter orbits.