Soret and Dufour effects for unsteady flow with shapes and (Cu+Fe 3 O 4 )/(ethelene–glycol+methanol) between two stretchable rotating disks

Abstract

The ongoing study looks at the multiple shapes of nanoparticles in an unsteady flow between two stretchable rotating disks. Unsteady flow of hybrid nanofluid takes place between the stretchable disks, using (ethelene–glycol+methanol) as the base fluid and (Cu+Fe₃O₄) as the hybrid nanofluid. This study uses three distinct forms of (Cu+Fe₃O₄) hybrid nanofluids: brick, blade, and cylinder. Using chosen similarity transmutations, corresponding mathematical expressions (partial differential equations) are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The whole set of equations takes the shape of an ordinary differential equation depending on the boundary conditions, and the solution is numerically computed using the bvp4c MATLAB solver. The influence of multiple factors across the velocity field is illustrated graphically. To acquire tiny quantities of the unsteady factors S, the momentum boundary layer for all types of nanofluids becomes less and more conspicuous. We compared our findings to previous findings and discovered an intriguing pattern. The main discovery of this work is Dufour and Soret effect on the heat and concentration profile. The rise in the rotation and the unsteady parameter ends up with an increase in the tangential velocity. The temperature rises as the Brinkman number and heat source factors rise, and falls as the unsteady parameter S rises. The concentration falls as the Schmidt number and unsteady factor increase, but it increases as the activation energy increases.