Countless engineering applications rely on heat and mass transportation technologies. Limitations in thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity are common in conventional fluids. Nanofluids, which are essentially base fluids with nanoparticles suspended in them, have superior thermal characteristics than base fluids without the nanoparticles. Maxwell hybrid nanofluids have the potential to improve mass and heat transport even further by combining the characteristics of two different types of nanoparticles. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transmission properties of a Maxwell hybrid nanofluid through a flat plate are investigated in this work. The novelty of this research lies in its exploration of the combined impressions of couple stress and activation energy on the flow behaviour. The equations governing the problem undergo transformation and are handled by means of the bvp4c solver. The vital discoveries disclose that the nanoparticle concentration and magnetic field strength act as opposing forces to fluid velocity. And also, it is detected that the friction coefficient rises by 2.68% as the value of volume fraction of copper nanoparticles ranges from 0 to 0.105. It is found that there is a decrement of 29.7% in the heat transmission rate when the values of Eckert number lie between 0 and 0.6. It is observed that the reaction rate and activation energy parameters play opposite roles against fluid concentration. It is discovered that the entropy generation increases with factors that enhance friction and heat dissipation (Maxwell and Brinkman parameters). The results show that the Sherwood number drops 4.4% when the activation energy parameter is set to values between 0 and 3.
DasSJanaRNMakindeOD. MHD flow of Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid in porous channel: analysis of entropy generation. In: Defect and diffusion forum. 377. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2017, October, pp.42–61. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.377.42.
2.
GorlaRSRSiddiqaSMansourMA, et al.Heat source/sink effects on a hybrid nanofluid-filled porous cavity. J Thermophys Heat Transfer2017; 31: 847–857. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.T5085.
3.
HayatTNadeemSKhanAU. Rotating flow of Ag-CuO/H 2 O hybrid nanofluid with radiation and partial slip boundary effects. Eur Phys J E2018; 41: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2018-11682-y.
4.
AmalaSMahantheshB. Hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical rotating plate in the presence of hall current, nonlinear convection and heat absorption. J Nanofluids2018; 7: 1138–1148. https://doi.org/10.1166/jon.2018.1550.
5.
AfridiMITliliIGoodarziM, et al.Irreversibility analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow over a thin needle with effects of energy dissipation. Symmetry (Basel)2019; 11: 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050663.
6.
AcharyaNBagRKunduPK. Influence of Hall current on radiative nanofluid flow over a spinning disk: a hybrid approach. Physica E2019; 111: 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2019.03.006.
7.
GulTKhanABilalM, et al.Magnetic dipole impact on the hybrid nanofluid flow over an extending surface. Sci Rep2020; 10: 8474. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65298-1.
8.
TassaddiqAKhanSBilalM, et al.Heat and mass transfer together with hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating disk. AIP Adv2020; 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0010181.
9.
RajuSSKBabuMJRajuCSK. Irreversibility analysis in hybrid nanofluid flow between two rotating disks with activation energy and cross-diffusion effects. Chin J Phys2021; 72: 499–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2021.03.016.
BabuMJRaoYSKumarAS, et al.Squeezed flow of polyethylene glycol and water based hybrid nanofluid over a magnetized sensor surface: a statistical approach. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer2022; 135: 106136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106136.
12.
AlhowaityABilalMHamamH, et al.Non-Fourier energy transmission in power-law hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving sheet. Sci Rep2022; 12: 10406. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14720-x.
13.
KathyayaniGPrakash GowdP. Influence of various shape factors on a hybrid nanofluid flow over a convectively heated exponential stretching sheet with exponential heat source and activation energy: an irreversibility analysis. Numer Heat Transfer, Part A2023: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2023.2279257.
14.
DawarAIslamSShahZ,et al.A passive control of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved surface with alumina and copper nanomaterials: a study on sodium alginate-based fluid. J Mol Liq2023; 382: 122018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122018.
15.
AbdelsalamSIZaherAZ. Biomimetic amelioration of zirconium nanoparticles on a rigid substrate over viscous slime—a physiological approach. Appl Math Mech2023; 44: 1563–1576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-023-3030-7.
16.
AbdelsalamSIMageshATamizharasiP,et al.Versatile response of a Sutterby nanofluid under activation energy: hyperthermia therapy. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2024; 34: 408–428. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-04-2023-0173.
17.
SreenivasuluMBhuvana VijayaR. Influence of exponential heat source, variable viscosity and shape factor on a hybrid nanofluid flow over a flat plate when thermal radiation and chemical reaction are significant. Mod Phys Lett B2024; 38: 2450102. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984924501021.
18.
KathyayaniGNagendra RaoSS. Irreversibility analysis of EMHD ternary nanofluid flow: unveiling the combined effects of thermal radiation, chemical reactions and cross-diffusion. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E: J Process Mech Eng2024: 09544089241253938. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241253938.
19.
RazaRNazRMurtazaS,et al.Novel nanostructural features of heat and mass transfer of radiative Carreau nanoliquid above an extendable rotating disk. Int J Mod Phys B2024: 2450407. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979224504071.
20.
ShahZAsgharAYingTY, et al.Numerical investigation of sodium alginate-alumina/copper radiative hybrid nanofluid flow over a power law stretching/shrinking sheet with suction effect: a study of dual solutions. Results Eng2024; 21: 101881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.101881.
21.
GoswamiPMondalPKDattaA,et al.Entropy generation minimization in an electroosmotic flow of non-Newtonian fluid: effect of conjugate heat transfer. J Heat Transfer2016; 138: 051704. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4032431.
22.
IbáñezGLópezAPantojaJ,et al.Entropy generation analysis of a nanofluid flow in MHD porous microchannel with hydrodynamic slip and thermal radiation. Int J Heat Mass Transfer2016; 100: 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.04.089.
23.
MansourMAAhmedSEChamkhaAJ. Entropy generation optimization for MHD natural convection of a nanofluid in porous media-filled enclosure with active parts and viscous dissipation. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2017; 27: 379–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-10-2015-0408.
24.
JangiliSAdesanyaSOFaladeJA,et al.Entropy generation analysis for a radiative micropolar fluid flow through a vertical channel saturated with non-Darcian porous medium. Int J Appl Comput Math2017; 3: 3759–3782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-017-0322-8.
Abd El-AzizMAfifyAA. MHD Casson fluid flow over a stretching sheet with entropy generation analysis and Hall influence. Entropy2019; 21: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060592.
28.
GireeshaBJSrinivasaCTShashikumarNS, et al.Entropy generation and heat transport analysis of Casson fluid flow with viscous and Joule heating in an inclined porous microchannel. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E2019; 233: 1173–1184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954408919849987.
29.
TliliIKhanMSalahuddinT, et al.Entropy generation minimization and chemical response for Williamson fluid flow with thermal diffusion. Appl Nanosci2020; 10: 3123–3131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01396-w.
30.
SohailMShahZTassaddiqA, et al.Entropy generation in MHD Casson fluid flow with variable heat conductance and thermal conductivity over non-linear bi-directional stretching surface. Sci Rep2020; 10: 12530. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69411-2.
31.
VermaAKGautamAKBhattacharyyaK,et al.Entropy generation analysis of Falkner–Skan flow of Maxwell nanofluid in porous medium with temperature-dependent viscosity. Pramana2021; 95: 69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-021-02083-3.
32.
UllahHHayatTAhmadS,et al.Entropy generation and heat transfer analysis in power-law fluid flow: finite difference method. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer2021; 122: 105111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105111.
33.
LavanyaBKumarJGBabuMJ, et al.Irreversibility analysis in the ethylene glycol based hybrid nanofluid flow amongst expanding/contracting walls when quadratic thermal radiation and arrhenius activation energy are significant. Mathematics2022; 10: 2984. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10162984.
34.
QadeerMKhanUAhmadS, et al.Irreversibility analysis for flow of nanofluids with aggregation in converging and diverging channel. Sci Rep2022; 12: 10214. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14529-8.
35.
VijathaMReddyPBA. Entropy generation on MHD Maxwell hybrid nanofluid over a stretching cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux: analytical and numerical simulations. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part C2023; 237: 1980–2001. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062221128449.
36.
Prashu, NandkeolyarRKumarP, et al.Entropy generation and regression analysis of magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of a Casson fluid with radiative and dissipative heat transfer and hall effects. Math Probl Eng2023; 2023: 8154625. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8154625.
37.
BhargaviDNGangadharKChamkhaAJ. Graphene-gold/PDMS Maxwell hybrid nanofluidic flow in a squeezed channel with linear and irregular radiations. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E2024; 238: 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089221139696.
38.
Mebarek-OudinaFChabaniIVaidyaH,et al.Hybrid-nanofluid magneto-convective flow and porous media contribution to entropy generation. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2024; 34: 809–836. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-06-2023-0326.
39.
ChamBMIslamSUIslamZU. Numerical study on natural convection in a saturated non Darcian porous medium under radiation and entropy generation effects. Appl Therm Eng2024: 123491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123491.
40.
ElkoumySRBarakatEIAbdelsalamSI. Hall and transverse magnetic field effects on peristaltic flow of a Maxwell fluid through a porous medium. DOI: https://buescholar.bue.edu.eg/basic_sci_eng/30. 2013.
41.
AbdelsalamSIAbbasWMegahedAM,et al.A comparative study on the rheological properties of upper convected Maxwell fluid along a permeable stretched sheet. Heliyon2023; 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22740
42.
SudarmozhiKIranianDMemonMA, et al.Viscoelastic fluid flow over a horizontal flat plate with various boundary slip conditions and suction effects. Nanoscale Adv2023; 5(22): 6102–6114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NA00735A.
43.
IranianDSudarmozhiKKhanI,et al.Significance of heat generation and impact of suction/injection on Maxwell fluid over a horizontal plate by the influence of radiation. Int J Thermofluids2023; 20: 100396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100396.
44.
BaoCLiuLXieC, et al.Analysis of the absorbing boundary condition for the Maxwell fluid flow over a semi-infinite plate with considering the magnetic field. Comput Math Appl2024; 154: 212–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2023.11.043.
45.
SudarmozhiKIranianDKhanI. Chemical reaction effect across the moving flat plate with heat generation and MHD flow of Maxwell fluid with viscous dissipation. Int J Mod Phys B2024: 2550027. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979225500274.
46.
DawarAIslamSShahZ,et al.A comparative analysis of the magnetized sodium alginate-based hybrid nanofluid flows through cone, wedge, and plate. ZAMM2023; 103: e202200128. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202200128.
47.
NasirSBerroukASAamirA,et al.Entropy optimization and heat flux analysis of Maxwell nanofluid configurated by an exponentially stretching surface with velocity slip. Sci Rep2023; 13: 2006. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29137-3.
48.
SajidTTanveerSSabirZ,et al.Impact of activation energy and temperature-dependent heat source/sink on Maxwell–Sutterby fluid. Math Probl Eng2020; 2020: 5251804. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5251804.
49.
SnehaKNVanithaGPMahabaleshwarUS,et al.Effect of couple stress and mass transpiration on ternary hybrid nanoliquid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with heat transfer. Micromachines (Basel)2022; 13: 1694. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101694.
50.
RasoolGWangXYashkunU, et al.Numerical treatment of hybrid water based nanofluid flow with effect of dissipation and Joule heating over a shrinking surface: stability analysis. J Magn Magn Mater2023; 571: 170587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170587.
51.
MakindeOD. Effects of viscous dissipation and Newtonian heating on boundary-layer flow of nanofluids over a flat plate. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2013; 23: 1291–1303. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-12-2011-0258.
52.
FaizMHabibDSiddiqueI, et al.Multiple slip effects on time dependent axisymmetric flow of magnetized Carreau nanofluid and motile microorganisms. Sci Rep2022; 12: 14259. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18344-z.
53.
DanielYS. Laminar convective boundary layer slip flow over a flat plate using homotopy analysis method. J Inst Eng (India): Series E2016; 97: 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-12-2011-0258.
