Irreversibility analysis for unsteady slip flow of heat absorptive liquid with multiple mass diffusion of nanomaterials over a permeable vertical moving plate: A comparative study

Abstract

This study looks at how thermal radiation and magnetic fields affect the generation of entropy in the unsteady flow of a tri-hybridized nanofluid across a plate that is moving vertically and has surface slippage and suction that changes over time. The movement of the plate aligns with fluid flow, and the far-away velocity increases exponentially following the small perturbation rule. The unsteadiness of the flow is attributed to the varying free stream velocity. A homogeneous magnetic flux acting transversely to the porous wall regulates the laminar and incompressible two-dimensional flow. The presence of tri-hybridized nanoparticles makes it possible to study how adding nanoparticles with different thermal properties, such as Cu, Fe₃O₄ and TiO₂ changes the way base fluids like water and kerosene flow and how heat moves through them. Using dimensionless variables, the mathematical model of the problem is transformed into a form amenable to an analytical solution. The solution is achieved with the help of two-term harmonic and non-harmonic functions. Several factors that influence fluid flow and heat transmission are examined and explored in depth. These include plate velocity, slippage parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, thermal radiation and heat absorption. The findings show that ternary nanoparticles raise the temperature and speed of both water and kerosene more than hybrid nanoparticles. The increase in the volume fraction of nanomaterials also increases the temperature and velocity of both fluids. These results might be used to improve the efficiency of thermal management systems in a wide range of technical and industrial operations having heat transfer and fluid movement.