Present study aims to investigate the impact of graphene oxide (GO) nano-particles as a fuel additive on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The diesel and biodiesel fuels were blended with GO nano-particles at concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 ppm, resulting in the formation of fuel blends named B20GO20, B20GO40 and B20GO60, respectively. During the experiments, several parameters including cylinder pressure, heat release rate, brake-specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were measured. The results showed that the addition of 40 ppm of GO led to a maximum reduction of 36.41% in CO emissions, 17.38% in HC emissions, and 12.56% in NOx emissions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that biodiesel–diesel blends with GO nano-particles can be utilised as an alternative fuel in diesel engines without requiring significant engine modifications.
DewanganAYadavAKMallickA. Current scenario of biodiesel development in India: prospects and challenges. Energy Sources Part A2018; 40: 2494–2501.
2.
AL DooriWHAhmedAHKotenH. Comparative study of biodiesel production from different waste oil sources for optimum operation conditions and better engine performance. J Therm Eng2021; 8: 457–465.
3.
YadavAKKhanMEPalA. Biodiesel production from oleander (Thevetia Peruviana) oil and its performance testing on a diesel engine. Korean J Chem Eng2017; 34: 340–345.
4.
SoudagarMEMNik-GhazaliNNKalamMA,et al.The effect of nano-additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: a comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteristics. Energy Convers Manage2018; 178: 146–177.
5.
JanakiramanSLakshmananTChandranV,et al.Comparative behavior of various nano additives in a DIESEL engine powered by novel Garcinia gummi-gutta biodiesel. J Cleaner Prod2020; 245: 118940.
6.
GharehghaniAAsiaeiSKhalifeE,et al.Simultaneous reduction of CO and NOx emissions as well as fuel consumption by using water and nano particles in diesel–biodiesel blend. J Cleaner Prod2019; 210: 1164–1170.
7.
BalasubramanianDHoangATVenugopalIP,et al.Numerical and experimental evaluation on the pooled effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel/diesel blends and exhaust gas recirculation in a twin-cylinder diesel engine. Fuel2021; 287: 119815.
8.
YadavPSGautamR. Numerical and experimental analysis on spray characteristics of biodiesel (waste cooking oil) using pressure swirl atomizer. Environ Prog Sustain Energy2022; 41: e13761.
9.
BakırHAğbulutÜGürelAE, et al.Forecasting of future greenhouse gas emission trajectory for India using energy and economic indexes with various metaheuristic algorithms. J Cleaner Prod2022; 360: 131946.
10.
SubramaniKKaruppusamyM. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel with added nanoparticles and diesel blends. Environ Sci Pollut Res2021; 28: 63706–63722.
11.
ParamashivaiahBMBanapurmathNRRajashekharCR,et al.Studies on effect of graphene nanoparticles addition in different levels with simarouba biodiesel and diesel blends SiC on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine. Arab J Sci Eng2018; 43: 4793–4801.
12.
PonnusamyMRamaniBSathyamruthyR. A parametric study on a diesel engine fuelled using waste cooking oil blended with Al2O3 nanoparticle—performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. Sustainability2021; 13: 7195.
13.
MeiDZuoLAdu-MensahD,et al.Combustion characteristics and emissions of a common rail diesel engine using nanoparticle-diesel blends with carbon nanotube and molybdenum trioxide. Appl Therm Eng2019; 162: 114238.
14.
HoseiniSSNajafiGGhobadianB,et al.Biodiesels from three feedstock: the effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles diesel engine parameters fuelled with biodiesel. Renew Energy2020; 145: 190–201.
15.
OoiJBIsmailHMTanBT,et al.Effects of graphite oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes as diesel additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy2018; 161: 70–80.
16.
AkramSMumtazMWDanishM,et al.Impact of cerium oxide and cerium composite oxide as nano additives on the gaseous exhaust emission profile of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel at full engine load conditions. Renew Energy2019; 143: 898–905.
17.
SinghYSharmaASinghNK,et al.Effect of SiC nanoparticles concentration on novel feedstock Moringa Oleifera chemically treated with neopentylglycol and their trobological behavior. Fuel2020; 280: 118630.
18.
VellaiyanS. Enhancement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a biodiesel-fueled diesel engine by using water emulsion and nano-additive. Renew Energy2020; 145: 2108–2120.
19.
PalaSRVanthalaVSPSagariJ. Influence of graphene oxide nanoparticles dispersed Mahua oil biodiesel on diesel engine: performance, combustion, and emission study. Biofuels2023; 14: 1–10.
20.
MofijurMSiddikiSYAShuvhoMBA,et al.Effect of nanocatalysts on the transesterification reaction of first, second and third generation biodiesel sources-A mini-review. Chemosphere2021; 270: 128642.
21.
ChackoNJeyaseelanT. Comparative evaluation of graphene oxide and graphene nanoplatelets as fuel additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel blend. Fuel Process Technol2020; 204: 106406.
22.
AğbulutÜElibolEDemirciT, et al.Synthesis of graphene oxide nanoparticles and the influences of their usage as fuel additives on CI engine behaviors. Energy2022; 244: 122603.
23.
Heidari-MaleniAGundoshmianTMJahanbakhshiA,et al.Performance improvement and exhaust emissions reduction in diesel engine through the use of graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanoparticles and ethanol-biodiesel blends. Fuel2020; 267: 117116.
24.
GadMSAzizMMAKayedH. Impact of different nano additives on performance, combustion, emissions and exergetic analysis of a diesel engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel. Propul Power Res2022; 11: 209–223.
25.
SubramaniKKaruppusamyM. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel with added nanoparticles and diesel blends. Environ Sci Pollut Res2021; 28: 63706–63722.
26.
Heidari-MaleniAMesri-GundoshmianTJahanbakhshiA,et al.Novel environmentally friendly fuel: the effect of adding graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanoparticles with ethanol-biodiesel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. NanoImpact2021; 21: 100294.
27.
GadMSJayarajS. A comparative study on the effect of nano-additives on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine run on Jatropha biodiesel. Fuel2020; 267: 117168.
28.
AğbulutÜGürelAESarıdemirS. Experimental investigation and prediction of performance and emission responses of a CI engine fuelled with different metal-oxide based nanoparticles–diesel blends using different machine learning algorithms. Energy2021; 215: 119076.
29.
YadavAKVinay and SinghB. Optimization of biodiesel production from annona squamosa seeds oil using response surface methodology and its characterization. Energy Sources Part A2018; 40: 1051–1059.
30.
MehreganMMoghimanM. Experimental investigation of the distinct effects of nanoparticles addition and urea-SCR after-treatment system on NOx emissions in a blended-biodiesel fueled internal combustion engine. Fuel2020; 262: 116609.
31.
AğbulutÜKaragözMSarıdemirS,et al.Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine. Fuel2020; 270: 117521.
32.
GhanbariMMozafari-VananiLDehghani-SoufiM,et al.Effect of alumina nanoparticles as additive with diesel–biodiesel blends on performance and emission characteristic of a six-cylinder diesel engine using response surface methodology (RSM). Energy Convers Manag: X2021; 11: 100091.
33.
LakheraAKumarNSharmaA,et al.Optimization of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics with cerium oxide nanoparticles mixed waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. Int J Engine Res2022; 24: 4521–4531.
34.
JanakiramanSLakshmananTChandranV,et al.Comparative behavior of various nano additives in a DIESEL engine powered by novel Garcinia gummi-gutta biodiesel. J Cleaner Prod2020; 245: 118940.
35.
JohnJGHariramVRakeshVK,et al.Waste cooking oil biodiesel with FeO nanoparticle – a viable alternative fuel source. Mater Today: Proc2023; 72: 1991–1995.
36.
SarıdemirSAğbulutÜ. Combustion, performance, vibration and noise characteristics of cottonseed methyl ester–diesel blends fuelled engine. Biofuels2022; 13: 201–210.
37.
DewanganAMallickAYadavAK, et al.Production of oxy-hydrogen gas and the impact of its usability on CI engine combustion, performance, and emission behaviors. Energy2023; 278: 127937.
38.
KhanTAKhanTAYadavAK,et al.Experimental studies on utilization of Neochloris oleoabundans microalgae biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Int J Ambient Energy2023; 44: 115–123.
39.
AhmedAYadavAKSinghA. Process optimization of spirulina microalgae biodiesel synthesis using RSM coupled GA technique: a performance study of a biogas-powered dual-fuel engine. Int J Environ Sci Technol20231–20.
40.
GaurADwivediGBaredarP,et al.Influence of blending additives in biodiesel on physiochemical properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics. Fuel2022; 321: 124072.
41.
BaluchamyAKaruppusamyM. The combined effects of cobalt chromite nanoparticles and variable injection timing of preheated biodiesel and diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine. Heat Mass Transfer2021; 57: 1565–1582.
42.
YuvarajanDBabuMDBeem KumarN,et al.Experimental investigation on the influence of titanium dioxide nanofluid on emission pattern of biodiesel in a diesel engine. Atmos Pollut Res2018; 9: 47–52.
43.
KukanaRJakharOP. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using composite biodiesel from waste cooking oil-Hibiscus Cannabinus oil. J Cleaner Prod2022; 372: 133503.
44.
ElnajjarEAl-OmariSABSelimMYE,et al.CI engine performance and emissions with waste cooking oil biodiesel boosted with hydrogen supplement under different load and engine parameters. Alexandria Eng J2022; 61: 4793–4805.
45.
ChidambaranathanBKumarasamiDPSoundararajanG,et al.Performance and environmental impact assessment of diesel engine operating on high viscous punnai oil–diesel blends. Environ Sci Pollut Res2023; 30: 61177–61189.
46.
EL-SeesyAIHeZKosakaH. Combustion and emission characteristics of a common rail diesel engine run with n-heptanol-methyl oleate mixtures. Energy2021; 214: 118972.
47.
MujtabaMAKalamMAMasjukiHH,et al.Comparative study of nanoparticles and alcoholic fuel additives-biodiesel-diesel blend for performance and emission improvements. Fuel2020; 279: 118434.
48.
DewanganAMallickAYadavAK,et al.Combined effect of operating parameters and nano particles on performance of a diesel engine: response surface methodology coupled genetic algorithm approach. ACS Omega2023; 8: 24586–24600.
49.
YadavPSSaidZGautamR,et al.Novel investigation on atomization, performance, and emission characteristics of preheated jatropha oil methyl ester and ethyl ester. Energy2023; 270: 126870.
50.
NagarajaSRufussDDWHossainAK. Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel–graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their utilisation in a compression ignition engine. Renew Energy2020; 160: 830–841.
