Fluidized beds are widely used in many industrial processes as they ensure the desirable high-intensity heat and mass transfers between gas and particles and offer the possibility to perform operations in a continuous mode and powders recycling. Some of these industrial processes use Geldart D type of powders and operate in the slugging mode. This paper presents a 3 D numerical model of gas-solid flows in a fluidized bed based on the Two-Fluid Model (TFM). Turbulence modeling (k- ε) was used to predict flow behavior in fluidized bed of Geldart D particles. The solid phase consists of Geldart D powders and the gas flow is in a slug regime. The numerical results are validated against the experimental work of Azzi et al. Model predictions on flow patterns, bed expansion, volume fraction time series and pressure drop fluctuations are presented and discussed in details in order to demonstrate the cyclic process of slug formation (onset, growth, rising and bursting of slugs) and its effects on the overall performance of beds fluidizing Geldart D type of powders.
ShiDPLuoZHGuoAY.Numerical simulation of the gas-solid flow in fluidized-bed polymerization reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res2010;
49: 4070–4079.
2.
GerberSBehrendtFOevermannM.An Eulerian modeling approach of wood gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor using char as bed material. Fuel2010;
89: 2903–2917.
3.
LohaCChattopadhyayHChatterjeePK.Three dimensional kinetic modeling of fluidized bed biomass gasification. Chem Eng Sci2014;
109: 53–64.
4.
AghbashloMSotudeh-GharebaghRZarghamiR, et al.
Measurement techniques to monitor and control fluidization quality in fluidized bed dryers: a review. Drying Technol2014;
32: 1005–1051.
5.
XuMHengPWSLiewCV.Evaluation of coat uniformity and taste-masking efficiency of irregular-shaped drug particles coated in a modified tangential spray fluidized bed processor. Expert Opin Drug Deliv2015;
12: 1597–1606.
6.
GeldartD.Types of gas fluidization. Powder Technol1973;
7: 285–292.
7.
StewartPSBDavidsonJF.Slug flow in fluidized beds. Powder Technol1967;
1: 61–80.
8.
BaeyensJGeldartD.An investigation into slugging fluidized beds. Chem Eng Sci1974;
29: 255–265.
GoldschmidtMJVLinkJMMellemaS, et al.
Digital image analysis measurements of bed expansion and segregation dynamics in dense gas-fluidised beds. Powder Technol2003;
138: 135–159.
11.
ShafferFGopalanBBreaulRW, et al.
High speed imaging of particle flow fields in CFB risers. Powder Technol2013;
242: 86–99.
12.
YangXZhangYYangY, et al.
Fluidization of Geldart D type particle in a shallow vibrated gas-fluidized bed. Powder Technol2017;
305: 333–339.
13.
AguCETokheimLAEikelandM, et al.
Determination of onset of bubbling and slugging in a fluidized bed using a dual-plane electrical capacitance tomography system. Chem Eng J2017;
328: 997–1008.
14.
XiangJZhangYLiQ.Effect of bed size on the gas–solid flow characterized by pressure fluctuations in bubbling fluidized beds. Particuology2019;
47: 1–9.
15.
GanJZhaoHBerroukAS, et al.
Impact of the drag law formulation on the predicted binary-particle segregation patterns in a gas–solid fluidized bed. Powder Technol2012;
218: 69–75.
16.
XuBHYuAB.Numerical simulation of the gas-solid flow in a fluidized bed by combining discrete particle method with computational fluid dynamics. Chem Eng Sci1997;
52: 2785– 2809.
17.
HosseiniSHZhongWEsfahanyMN, et al.
CFD simulation of the bubbling and slugging gas-solid fluidized beds. J Fluids Eng2010;
132: 041301.
18.
WangJLiuY.EMMS-based Eulerian simulation on the hydrodynamics of a bubbling fluidized bed with FCC particles. Powder Technol2010;
197: 241–246.
19.
AgrawalVShindeYShahMT, et al.
Effect of drag models on CFD-DEM predictions of bubbling fluidized beds with Geldart D particles. Adv Powder Technol2018;
29: 2658–2669.
20.
StanlyRShoevG.Detailed analysis of recent drag models using multiple cases of mono-disperse fluidized beds with Geldart-B and Geldart-D particles. Chem Eng Sci2018;
188: 132–149.
21.
KoralkarNVBoseM.Performance of drag models for simulation of fluidized beds with Geldart D particles. Adv Powder Technol2016;
27: 2377–2398.
22.
LuBWangWLiJ.Eulerian simulation of gas-solid flows with particles of Geldart groups A, B and D using EMMS-based meso-scale model. Chem Eng Sci2011;
66: 4624–4635.
23.
HoomansBPBKuipersJAMBrielsWJ, et al.
Discrete particle simulation of bubble and slug formation in a two-dimensional gas-fluidised bed: a hard-sphere approach. Chem Eng Sci1996;
51: 99–118.
24.
PainCCMansoorzadehSde OliveiraCRE.A study of bubbling and slugging fluidised beds using the two-fluid granular temperature model. Int J Multiph2001;
27: 527–551.
25.
LiuYHinrichsenO.CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and methanation reactions in a fluidized-bed reactor for the production of synthetic natural gas. Ind Eng Chem Res2014;
53: 9348–9356.
26.
DezaMFrankaNPHeindelTJ, et al.
CFD modeling and X-ray imaging of biomass in a fluidized bed. ASME J. Fluids Eng2009;
131: 111303.
27.
BakshiAAltantzisCBatesRB, et al.
Eulerian–Eulerian simulation of dense solid-gas cylindrical fluidized beds: impact of wall boundary condition and drag model on fluidization. Powder Technol2015;
277: 47–62.
28.
WuGOuyangJYangB, et al.
Lagrangian–Eulerian simulation of slugging fluidized bed. Particuology2012;
10: 72–78.
29.
ZhouLZhangLBaiL, et al.
Experimental study and transient CFD/DEM simulation in a fluidized bed based on different drag models. RSC Adv2017;
7: 12764–12774. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA28615A
30.
YeMvan der HoefMAKuipersJAM.The effects of particle and gas properties on the fluidization of Geldart A particles. Chem Eng Sci2005;
60: 4567–4580.
31.
BerroukASPornsilphCBaleSS, et al.
Simulation of a large-scale FCC riser using a combination of MP-PIC and four-lump oil-cracking kinetic models. Energy Fuels2017;
31: 4758–4770.
32.
WuCLNandakumarKBerroukAS, et al.
Enforcing mass conservation in DPM-CFD models of dense particulate flows. Chem Eng J2011;
174: 475–481.
33.
BerroukASStockDELaurenceD, et al.
Heavy particle dispersion from a point source in turbulent pipe flow. Int J Multiph Flow2008;
34: 916–923.
34.
TaghipourFEllisNWongC.Experimental and computational study of gas–solid fluidized bed hydrodynamics. Chem Eng Sci2005;
60: 6857–6867.
35.
TagliaferriCMazzeiLLettieriP, et al.
CFD simulation of bubbling fluidized bidisperse mixtures: effect of integration methods and restitution coefficient. Chem Eng Sci2013;
102: 324–334.
36.
LohaCChattopadhyayHChatterjeePK.Euler-Euler CFD modelling of fluidized bed: Influence of specularity coefficient on hydrodynamic behaviour. Particuology2013;
11: 673–680.
37.
KhanMNShamimT.Influence of specularity coefficient on the hydrodynamics and bubble statistics of an annular fluidized bed reactor. Energy Procedia2017;
105: 1998–2003.
38.
MaraleSJadhavMSheteA, et al.
Effect of particle size distribution on CFD simulation of fluidization of alumina particles. J Chem Pharmaceut Sci2017;
974: 2115.
39.
WuCLAyeniOBerroukAS, et al.
Parallel algorithms for CFD–DEM modelling of dense particulate flows. Chem Eng Sci2014;
118: 221–244.
40.
LohaCChattopadhyayHChatterjeePK.Assessment of drag models in simulating bubbling fluidized bed hydrodynamics. Chem Eng Sci2012;
75: 400–407.
41.
LiPLanXXuC, et al.
Drag models for simulating gas–solid flow in the turbulent fluidization of FCC particles. Particuology2009;
7: 269–277.
42.
BenzartiSMhiriHBournotH.Drag models for simulation gas-solid flow in the bubbling fluidized bed of FCC particles. Int J Chem Mol Nucl Mater Metall Eng2012;
6: 111–116.
43.
MahinpeyNVejahatiFEllisN.CFD simulation of gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed: an extensive assessment of drag models. Comput Methods Multiph Flow IV2007;
56: 51–60.
44.
BenzartiSMhiriHBournotH, et al.
Numerical simulation of turbulent fluidized bed with Geldart B particles. Powder Technol2014;
25: 1737–1747.
45.
BelhadjEChiltonSNimmoW, et al.
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of the hydrodynamics in a 350 kW bubbling fluidized bed combustor. Int J Energy Environ Eng2016;
7: 27–35.
46.
HamzeheiM.CFD modelling and simulation of hydrodynamics in a fluidized bed dryer with experimental validation. ISRN Mech Eng2011;
2011: 1–9.
47.
CannetoGFredaCBraccioG.Numerical simulation of gas-solid flow in an interconnected fluidized bed. Therm Sci2015;
19: 317–328.
48.
ZhangSJYuAB.Computational investigation of slugging behaviour in gas-fluidised beds. Powder Technol2002;
123: 147–165.
49.
YangQBerroukASDuY, et al.
CFD investigation of hydrodynamics, heat transfer and cracking reactions in a large-scale fluidized catalytic cracking riser. Appl Math Model2016;
40: 9378–9397.
50.
BerroukASHuangABaleS, et al.
Numerical simulation of a commercial FCC regenerator using multiphase particle-in-cell methodology (MP-PIC). Adv Powder Technol2017;
28: 2947–2960.
51.
SyamlalMO’BrienTJ.Computer simulation of bubbles in a fluidized bed. AIChE Symp Ser1989;
85: 22–31.
52.
LunCKKSavageSBJeffreyDJ, et al.
Kinetic theories for granular flow: inelastic particles in Couette flow and slightly inelastic particles in a general flow-field. J Fluid Mech1984;
140: 223–256.
53.
AzziABouyahiaouiHBerroukAS, et al.
Investigation of fluidized bed behaviour using electrical capacitance tomography. Can J Chem Eng2020;
98: 1835–1814.
54.
NoordergraafIWVan DijkAVan Den BleekCM.Fluidization and slugging in large-particle systems. Powder Technol1987;
52: 59–68.
