Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The article focuses on optimizing the Front-End-Loader (FEL) machine’s hydro-static transmission (HST) system, which comprises a variable displacement hydraulic pump and hydro-motor. These components enable 2-DOF controlled operation, adjusting both pump and hydro-motor displacements simultaneously. In off-road applications, fluctuating load and speed disrupt the FEL’s efficiency. To address this, the article introduces a novel Look-up table-based MIMO controller. This controller algorithm dynamically adjusts displacement of pump $D_{p}$ and displacement of hydro-motor $D_{m}$ based on speed or load demands, aiming for maximum overall efficiency. Integrated into the control hardware, the system optimizes performance within specific speed and torque ranges. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis highlighted the pump and hydro-motor’s higher responsiveness to displacement and operating pressure, emphasizing their crucial role in efficiency optimization. This approach ensures the FEL operates within its efficiency zone, particularly beneficial for off-road applications. Also, the solution may be directly implemented as a software update solution on the transmissions with an electronically controlled variable displacement pump and motor to operate it at high efficiency.

Keywords

2-DOF optimized control closed-circuit closed-loop HST system load cycle of front end loader Look-up table based MIMO controller

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Linde Hydraulics GmBH & Co. KG. Shift in Motion, https://lhy.com/product/shift-in-motion/ (accesed 3 January 2025).

Vanwalleghem

Dousy

Pinte

, et al. Optimization of the efficiency of hydrostatic drives. In: 8th international fluid power conference, Dresden, Germany, 26–28 March 2012.

Biedermann

Engelhardt

Geerling

More efficient fluid power systems using variable displacement hydraulic motors. In: 21st congress of the international council of the aeronautical sciences (ICAS 98), Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 13–18 September 1998.

Ijas

Mäkinen

. Improvement of total efficiency of hydrostatic transmission by using optimized control. In: Proceedings of the JFPS international symposium on fluid power, Toyama, Japan, 15–18 September 2008, vol. 2008, no. 7–2, pp.271–276. Minatoku, Tokyo, Japan: The Japan Fluid Power System Society.

Holland

Harmeyer

Lumkes

JH.

Electrically controlled fixed-displacement pump, variable-displacement motor hydrostatic transmission. SAE technical paper 2006-01-3469, 2006.

Willkomm

Wahler

Weber

. Model predictive control of speed-variable variable-displacement pumps to optimize energy efficiency. In: 9th international fluid power conference, Aachen, Germany, 24–26 March 2014, vol. 1, pp.372–385. Aachen, Germany: IFAS Institute of Fluid Power Drives and Systems, RWTH Aachen University.

Lux

Murrenhoff

. Experimental loss analysis of displacement controlled pumps. In: 10th international fluid power conference, Dresden, Germany, 8 March 2016, pp.8–10. Germany: Technische Universität Dresden.

Schneider

Koch

Weber

. Green wheel loader-operating strategy of an energy efficient hybrid drive train. SAE technical paper 2014-01-2400, 2014.

Padovani

Ivantysynova

Investigation of an energy efficient hydraulic propulsion system for a railway machine. J Dyn Syst Meas Control 2016; 138(3): 031009.

10.

Xiong

Wilfong

Lumkes

Components sizing and performance analysis of hydro-mechanical power split transmission applied to a wheel loader. Energies 2019; 12(9): 1613.

11.

Zou

Wei

Zhou

, et al. Research on wheel loader duty cycle test and numerical expression. Adv Mater Res 2015; 1077: 154–159.

12.

Bhola

Kumar

Ghoshal

SK.

Reducing fuel consumption of Front-End Loader using regenerative hydro-static drive configuration-an experimental study. Energy 2018; 162: 158–170.

13.

Zhang

, et al. Characteristics of volumetric losses and efficiency of axial piston pump with respect to displacement conditions. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 2016; 17(3): 186–201.

14.

Merritt

HE.

Hydraulic control systems. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1991.

15.

Ogata

Yang

Modern control engineering. Vol. 5. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010.

16.

Kumar

Dasgupta

Steady-state performance investigation of hydrostatic summation drives using bent-axis hydraulic motor. Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science 2015; 229(17): 3234–3251.

Displacement control optimization of hydro-static transmission system containing variable displacement pump and hydro-motor of a front-end loader

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References