Matching and optimization to minimize fuel consumption and NO x emission for a marine diesel engine with turbo-assisted exhaust gas recirculation

Abstract

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and two-stage turbocharging technology are widely used in marine diesel engines due to their advantages of reducing nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emission and improving fuel economy respectively. The matching of EGR, two-stage turbocharging and diesel engine is significant to realize both advantages simultaneously. Turbo-assisted EGR (TA EGR) can achieve high EGR rate and lower fuel consumption due to a turbocharger driving EGR. In this study, a 1D model of the diesel engine with TA EGR coupling two-stage turbocharging system was established by GT-Power. A theoretical matching method was proposed based on the requirements of excess air coefficient and EGR rate. The matching laws of the coupling system were studied, and the preliminary matching results achieved good effects. A fully connected neural network was used as the optimization agent model of the 1D model, and the NSGA II algorithm was used to carry out the multi-parameter and multi-objective optimizing matching. Considering constrained and unconstrained conditions, independent optimizing matching was carried out under each single load, and the weighted brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and weighted NO_x under all loads were taken as the target to carry out comprehensive optimizing matching. The results showed that the optimization performance is worse under constrained conditions, while TA EGR coupling adjustable two-stage turbocharging system can achieve comprehensive optimal BSFC and NO_x, with weighted BSFC decreasing by 3.57% and weighted NO_x decreasing by 75.28% compared with experimental results of the original engine.

Keywords

Marine diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation two-stage turbocharging NSGA II algorithm

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Viana

Hammingh

Colette

, et al. Impact of maritime transport emissions on coastal air quality in Europe. Atmos Environ 2014; 90: 96–105.

Kamil

Muslim

Saat

. Effective control of SOx and NOx release to the atmosphere from emissions of ship propulsion engines. In: Saw

Woo

a/l Karam Singh

, et al. (eds) Advancement in emerging technologies and engineering applications. Singapore: Springer, 2020, pp. 91–100.

Jeevahan

Mageshwaran

Joseph

, et al. Various strategies for reducing Nox emissions of biodiesel fuel used in conventional diesel engines: a review. Chem Eng Commun 2017; 204: 1202–1223.

Deng

Wang

Wei

, et al. A review of NOx and SOx emission reduction technologies for marine diesel engines and the potential evaluation of liquefied natural gas fuelled vessels. Sci Total Environ 2021; 766: 144319.

Yang

Pan

Han

, et al. Removal of NOx and SO2 from simulated ship emissions using wet scrubbing based on seawater electrolysis technology. Chem Eng J 2018; 331: 8–15.

Joung

T-H

Kang

S-G

Lee

J-K

, et al. The IMO initial strategy for reducing Greenhouse Gas(GHG) emissions, and its follow-up actions towards 2050. J Int Marit Saf Environ Aff Shipp 2020; 4: 1–7.

Zhang

Pennycott

Brace

. A review of parallel and series turbocharging for the diesel engine. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2013; 227: 1723–1733.

Ladommatos

Abdelhalim

Zhao

. The effects of exhaust gas recirculation on diesel combustion and emissions. Int J Engine Res 2000; 1: 107–126.

Verschaeren

Schaepdryver

Serruys

, et al. Experimental study of NOx reduction on a medium speed heavy duty diesel engine by the application of EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) and Miller timing. Energy 2014; 76: 614–621.

10.

Jiang

Wei

Zhou

, et al. Numerical study on the effects of multiple-injection coupled with EGR on combustion and NOx emissions in a marine diesel engine. Energy Proc 2019; 158: 4429–4434.

11.

DieselNet. IMO Marine Engine Regulations. Emission Standards.

12.

, et al. Numerical study on NOx and ISFC co-optimization for a low-speed two-stroke engine via Miller cycle, EGR, intake air humidification, and injection strategy implementation. Appl Therm Eng 2019; 153: 398–408.

13.

, et al. Experimental study on the effects of HP and LP EGR on thermal efficiency and emissions of a two-stage turbocharged diesel engine. Sci China Technol Sci 2014; 57: 379–389.

14.

Bernasconi

Codan

Yang

, et al. Two-stage turbocharging solutions for tier 4 rail applications. In: Volume 1: large bore engines; fuels; advanced combustion. Houston, TX: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. V001T01A005.

15.

Shi

Deng

. Development of turbocharging system for diesel engines of power generation application at different altitudes. J Energy Inst 2016; 89: 755–765.

16.

Yang

Huang

Xia

, et al. Neural-network based boost pressure prediction for two-stage turbocharging system of diesel engine. IFAC-Pap 2019; 52: 178–184.

17.

Liu

Zhuge

Zhang

, et al. A matching method for two-stage turbocharging system. In: Volume 1B: Marine; Microturbines, Turbochargers and Small Turbomachines; Steam Turbines. Düsseldorf, Germany: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. V01BT24A019.

18.

Yang

Deng

, et al. Analysis on altitude adaptability of turbocharging systems for a heavy-duty diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 2018; 128: 1196–1207.

19.

Han

Ding

, et al. Equivalent model-based optimal matching for two-stage turbocharging systems with bypass valves. Energy 2023; 264: 126225.

20.

Han

, et al. A method for matching two-stage turbocharger system and its influence on engine performance. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 2019; 141: 054502.1–054502.8.

21.

Zhang

Liu

Zhou

, et al. Influence of varying altitudes on matching characteristics of the Twin-VGT system with a diesel engine and performance based on analysis of available exhaust energy. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2020; 234: 1972–1985.

22.

Zhang

, et al. Equivalent matching model of a regulated two-stage turbocharging system for the plateau adaptability. Proc IMechE, Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2016; 230: 1654–1669.

23.

Qian

Deng

. An approximate matching method for a parallel sequential turbocharging system. Proc IMechE, Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2015; 229: 1034–1045.

24.

Watel

Pagot

Pacaud

, et al. Matching and evaluating methods for euro 6 and efficient two-stage turbocharging diesel engine. SAE technical paper 2010-01-1229, 2010.

25.

Piano

Millo

Boccardo

, et al. Assessment of the predictive capabilities of a combustion model for a modern common rail automotive diesel engine. SAE technical paper 2016-01-0547, 2016,

26.

Jung

Song

Hur

. Numerical study on the effects of intake valve timing on performance of a natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engine and multi-objective Pareto optimization. Appl Therm Eng 2017; 121: 604–616.

27.

Park

Cho

Park

, et al. Numerical study of the performance and NOx emission of a diesel-methanol dual-fuel engine using multi-objective Pareto optimization. Energy 2017; 124: 272–283.

28.

Tong

Liu

, et al. Experiment analysis and computational optimization of the Atkinson cycle gasoline engine through NSGA II algorithm using machine learning. Energy Convers Manag 2021; 238: 113871.

29.

Niu

Wang

, et al. Multi-objective online optimization of a marine diesel engine using NSGA-II coupled with enhancing trained support vector machine. Appl Therm Eng 2018; 137: 218–227.

30.

Jia

Han

, et al. Towards a comprehensive optimization of engine efficiency and emissions by coupling artificial neural network (ANN) with genetic algorithm (GA). Energy 2021; 225: 120331.

31.

Zhang

. An estimation method of the fuel mass injected in large injections in common-rail diesel engines based on system identification using artificial neural network. Fuel 2022; 310: 122404.