Scenario establishment and simulation analysis for multiple-car rear-end collision accidents

Abstract

Multiple-car rear-end collision accidents can be divided into three categories: sequential collision from the rear; sequential collision from the front; mixed-order collision. In this study, a total of five scenarios were constructed by using a statistical analysis based on the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System and by setting the gap between the cars based on the travel distance calculated from the reaction time of the driver and the speed and/or the deceleration of the car. Two simulation analysis methods were proposed for each scenario. The first method used a three-dimensionally scanned car model in the simulation program. This enabled more realistic simulations to be utilized for tuned cars. The second method involved simulating high-speed multiple rear-end collisions by using a program originally made for low-speed single rear-end collisions. This paper proposed appropriate tests and analysis methods for multiple collisions which will help to improve safety devices for cars.

Keywords

Multiple-car rear-end collisions accidents National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System scenarios simulation analysis

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Analysis of occupants behavior for field complex collision and rollover accidents scenario (in Korean). 2015 Industry–University Cooperative Request for Research Proposal, Hyundai-Kia Motor Company, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015.

2014 Infiniti consumer safety & air bag information guide. Franklin, Tennessee: Infiniti, 2014.

Rizaldi

Immler

Althoff

. A formally verified checker of the safe distance traffic rules for autonomous vehicles. In: 8th international NASA formal methods symposium, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 7–9 June 2016, pp. 175–190. Cham: Springer International.

Jewkes

. Reconstruction of accident severity in a multiple car collision. SAE paper 2001-01-1283, 2001.

Nystorm

. Analysis of multi-car rear-end accidents. SAE paper 2010-01-0055, 2010.

Han

. Reconstruction analysis of multi-car rear-end collision accidents: empirical/analytical methods, and application of video event data recorder. J Kor Soc Transpn 2012; 30(2): 127–136.

Han

. Non-linear continuous-contact-force model for low-speed front-to-rear car impact. Proc IMechE Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2007; 218(9): 977–985.

Han

. Simulation analysis of low-speed front-to-rear car impacts for estimating the severity of passenger injury. Proc IMechE Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2016; 230(4): 554–563.

Davis

Swenson

. Collective responsibility for freeway rear-ending accidents: an application of probabilistic causal models. Accid Analysis Prevention 2006; 38(4): 728–736.

10.

Togawa

Murakami

Pal

Okabe

. Effect of impact-triggered automatic braking multiple impact crashes. SAE paper 2012-01-1181, 2012.

11.

Zhang

Qiu

Liu

. A new risk evaluation index for rear-end collisions considering drivers’ risk perception. In: FISITA 2012 world automotive congress, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 27–30 November 2012, pp. 549–556. Berlin: Springer.

12.

Huston

. Car/occupant movement in moderate speed in-line collisions. Int J Crashworthiness 2008; 13(1): 41–48.

13.

Ito

Osawa

. Effective method for rear-end collision warning system. Procedia Comput Sci 2008; 60: 700–707.

14.

Winkler

Werneke

Vollrath

. Timing of early warning stages in a multi stage collision warning system: drivers’ evaluation depending on situational influences. Transpn Res Part F: Traff Psychol Behav 2016; 36: 57–68.

15.

NHTSA, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Crashworthiness Data System overview, http://www.nhtsa.gov/Data/National-Automotive-Sampling-System-(NASS)/NASS-Crashworthiness-Data-System (2015, accessed May–July 2015).

16.

Johansson

Rumar

. Drivers’ brake reaction times. Hum Factors: J Human Factors Ergonomics Soc 1971; 13(1): 23–27.

17.

McGehee

Brown

Wilson

Burns

. Examination of drivers’ collision avoidance behavior in a lead vehicle stopped scenario using a front-to-rear-end collision warning system. NHTSA Report DTNH22-93-C-07326, US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 1998.

18.

Shah

Benmimoun

. Driver perceived threat and behavior in rear end collision avoidance situations. SAE paper 2015-01-1414, 2015.

19.

ISO 15623:2013 Intelligent transport systems – forward vehicle collision warning systems – performance requirements and test procedures. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2013.