Thermodynamics-based mean-value engine model with main and pilot injection sensitivity

Abstract

This paper presents a thermodynamics-based mean-value engine model that predicts the temperature and pressure at the end of each discrete combustion phase, the peak temperature and pressure, and the indicated mean effective pressure. The model has sensitivities to the engine speed, the main and pilot injection quantities and timings, and the temperature and pressure conditions in the intake and exhaust manifolds. Mathematical relationships are established between the input variables and the output variables through the thermodynamic principles of the modified ideal-gas-limited pressure cycle. Modifications to the ideal-gas cycle include the pilot combustion stage, the effective compression ratio based on the fuel injection timing and start of combustion, the effect of the constant-volume burn ratio on combustion, and the exhaust valve opening timing. The model is also augmented with empirical correlations for the ignition delay, the constant-volume burn ratio, and the heat transfer in order to improve the fidelity of the model. It is validated using test data from a Ford 6.7 l diesel engine. Unlike most data-regression-based mean-value engine models, the model presented in this paper does not sacrifice essential details of the underlying physics while providing a computationally efficient simulation tool.

Keywords

Thermodynamics-based mean-value engine model physics-based mean-value engine model main injection pilot injection diesel engine ideal-gas cycle

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Hong

Wooldridge

. Development and application of a comprehensive soot model for 3D CFD reacting flow studies in a diesel engine. Combust Flame 2005; 143(1–2); 11–26.

Abani

Kokjohn

Park

. An improved spray model for reducing numerical parameter dependencies in diesel engine CFD simulations. SAE paper 2008-01-0970, 2008.

Kong

Marriott

Reitz

. Modeling and experiments of HCCI engine combustion using detailed chemical kinetics with multidimensional CFD. SAE paper 2001-01-1026, 2001.

Colin

da Cruz

Jay

Detailed chemistry-based auto-ignition model including low temperature phenomena applied to 3-D engine calculations. Proc Combust Inst 2005; 30(2): 2649–2656.

Reitz

Rutland

CJ.

Development and testing of diesel engine CFD models. Prog Energy Combust Sci 1995; 21(2): 173–196.

Lee

Filipi

Assanis

. Simulation-based assessment of various dual-stage boosting systems in terms of performance and fuel economy improvements. SAE paper 2009-01-1471, 2009.

Lee

Jung

Assanis

. Dual-stage turbocharger matching and boost control options. In: ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division spring technical conference, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 27–30 April 2008, paper ICES2008-1692. New York: ASME.

Filipi

Wang

Assanis

Effect of variable geometry turbine (VGT) on diesel engine and vehicle system transient response. SAE paper 2001-01-1247, 2001.

Anderson

Assanis

Filipi

First and second law analyses of a naturally-aspirated, Miller cycle, SI engine with late intake valve closure. SAE paper 980889, 1998.

10.

Moskwa

Automotive engine model for real time control. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1988.

11.

Moskwa

Hendrick

Modeling and validation of automotive engines for control algorithm development. Trans ASME, J Dynamic Systems, Measmt Control 1992; 114: 278–285.

12.

Kao

Moskwa

Turbocharged diesel engine modeling for nonlinear engine control and state estimation. Trans ASME, J Dynamic Systems, Measmt Control 1995; 117: 20–30.

13.

Powell

Cook

Nonlinear low frequency phenomenological engine modeling and analysis. In: 1987 American control conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 10–12 June 1987, pp. 332–340. New York: IEEE.

14.

Jankovic

Frischimuth

Stefanopolou

. Torque management of engines with variable cam timing. IEEE Control Systems 1998; 18(5): 34–42.

15.

Gorinevski

Cook

Feldkamp

. Predictive design of linear feedback/feedforward controller for automotive VCT engine. In: 1999 American control conference, San Diego, California, USA, 2–4 June 1999, pp. 207–211. New York: IEEE.

16.

Nikzadfar

Shamekhi

AH.

Developing a state space model for a turbocharged diesel engine using the subspace identification method. Proc IMechE Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2011; 225(12): 1692–1706.

17.

Skogtjarn

Modeling of the exhaust gas temperature for diesel engines. Master’s Thesis, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden, 2002.

18.

Eriksson

Mean value models for exhaust system temperatures. SAE paper 2002-01-0374, 2002.

19.

Walstrom

Eriksson

Modeling diesel engines with a variable-geometry turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation by optimization of model parameters for capturing non-linear system dynamics. Proc IMechE Part D: J Automobile Engineering 2011; 225(7): 960–986.

20.

Lee

Jung

Kim

. Thermodynamics-based mean value model for diesel combustion. Trans ASME, J Engng Gas Turbines Power 2013; 135: 091504.

21.

Watson

Dynamic turbocharged diesel engine simulator for electronic control system development. Trans ASME, J Dynamic Systems, Measmt, Control 1984; 106: 27–43.

22.

Carlucci

Ficarella

Laforgia

Effects on combustion and emissions of early and pilot fuel injections in diesel engines. Int J Engine Res 2005; 6(1): 43–60.

23.

Badami

Mallamo

Millo

. Experimental investigation on the effect of multiple injection strategies on emissions, noise and brake specific fuel consumption of an automotive direct injection common-rail diesel engine. Int J Engine Res 2003; 4(4): 299–314.