The vibration isolation performance of seat suspension systems critically affects ride comfort, and poor damping may even cause irreversible harm to the human body. To enhance control efficiency and exploit the damping potential of magnetorheological (MR) dampers, this study develops a 10-degree-of-freedom “vehicle–seat–human” dynamic model for a commercial pickup truck. A semi-active seat suspension control method based on an improved linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) is proposed, with its parameters optimized using a Multi-Strategy Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (MSSA). Experimental results show that, under random road excitation, the RMS accelerations of the seat and human head decrease by 38.33% and 37.95%, respectively, and by 40.8% and 41.93% under bump excitation. The proposed MSSA-LADRC controller effectively enhances ride comfort and vibration isolation performance, demonstrating strong adaptability and robustness under varying road conditions.
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