Abstract
To address the limitations of traditional throttle grooves in flow regulation and steady-state hydraulic force control, this paper proposes a novel K-type plus rectangular combined throttle groove design and establishes a mathematical model of its operational characteristics. Using Fluent flow field simulation software, the pressure and velocity fields under different valve openings and key structural parameters of the throttle groove spool valve are studied under specific working conditions. A qualitative analysis is conducted on internal pressure distribution, velocity variation, cavitation phenomena, and jet angle, while quantitative analysis is performed on outlet flow rate and steady-state hydraulic force. The relationships between flow rate, steady-state hydraulic force, valve opening, and structural parameter changes are investigated. Based on this, three key structural parameters—rectangular groove width, rectangular groove depth, and K-groove width—are selected. A Latin Hypercube Sampling method is used to generate 25 sample sets for numerical calculation of flow difference and maximum steady-state hydraulic force. A BP neural network surrogate model is constructed based on the sample data, and the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the structural parameters. The results show that, compared to the original design, the optimized throttle groove structure achieves an approximately 79% increase in maximum flow rate with only about a 33% increase in steady-state hydraulic force, verifying the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.
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