To improve the control accuracy of the stepper motor, a PID controller based on an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA-PID) is designed to improve the response speed as well as the robustness of the closed-loop speed control of the stepper motor by optimizing the position update formula and the step size control parameters based on the sparrow search algorithm. ISSA-PID is applied to the stepper motor speed control system in Matlab and tested by Ramp-up Load and applying perturbation simulation respectively. By comparing with traditional PID, Differential Evolution algorithm PID controller, Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm PID controller, and Ant Lion Optimization algorithm PID controller, the results show that ISSA-PID not only improves the convergence speed and accuracy but also performs better in terms of stability. Finally, the experimental platform of the stepper motor speed control system is built to experimentally verify the performance of the ISSA-PID controller, and the experimental results show that ISSA-PID has stronger robustness and faster response speed compared with the remaining four controllers.
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