Entropy generation on biomagnetic gold-copper/blood hybrid nanofluid flow driven by electrokinetic force in a horizontal irregular channel with bioconvection phenomenon
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online April, 2023
Entropy generation on biomagnetic gold-copper/blood hybrid nanofluid flow driven by electrokinetic force in a horizontal irregular channel with bioconvection phenomenon
Present research deals with the study of time-dependent pulsatile MHD (Magnetohydrodynamics) hybrid nanofluid with entropy optimization and electrokinetic force in a channel. The current mathematical model is formulated as the blood (Casson fluid) hybrid nanofluids flow between the bottom and wavy top walls. The pulsatile flow is subjected to an inverse magnetic field of uniform force to study the effect of the resulting Lorenz force. Exact solutions for velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate, and streamlines are constructed by employing the perturbation approach to evaluate coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). The velocity of the blood-based hybrid nanofluid increases with increasing values of the electro-osmotic parameter. The higher values of copper-gold nanoparticle volume fraction increase the entropy generation . This theoretical investigation helps estimate entropy in systems biology, which is used to treat cancer and improve the function of medical devices.
JakeerSReddyPBA. Entropy generation on EMHD stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid over a stretching sheet: homotopy perturbation solution. Phys Scr2020; 95: 125203.
2.
ReddySRRBashaHTDuraisamyP. Entropy generation for peristaltic flow of gold-blood nanofluid driven by electrokinetic force in a microchannel. Eur Phys J Spec Top2022; 234: 2409–2423.
3.
ChamkhaAJRashadAMArmaghaniT, et al. Effects of partial slip on entropy generation and MHD combined convection in a lid-driven porous enclosure saturated with a Cu – water nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim2018; 132: 1291–1306.
4.
MonalediRLMakindeOD. Entropy generation analysis in a microchannel Poiseuille flows of nanofluid with nanoparticles injection and variable properties. J Therm Anal Calorim2020; 143: 1855–1865.
5.
ReddyPBASalahTJakeerS, et al. Entropy generation due to magneto-natural convection in a square enclosure with heated corners saturated porous medium using Cu/water nanofluid. Chinese J Phys2022; 77: 1863–1884.
6.
ArmaghaniTChamkhaARashadAM, et al. Inclined magneto: convection, internal heat, and entropy generation of nanofluid in an I-shaped cavity saturated with porous media. J Therm Anal Calorim2020; 142: 2273–2285.
7.
ReddySRRReddyPBA. Entropy generation analysis on MHD flow with a binary mixture of ethylene glycol and water based silver-graphene hybrid nanoparticles in automotive cooling systems. Int J Heat Technol2021; 39: 1781–1790.
8.
FarooqAAKahshanMSaleemS, et al. Entropy production rate in ciliary induced flows through cylindrical tubules under the consequences of Hall effect. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng2021; 120: 207–217.
9.
KumawatCSharmaBKAl-MdallalQM, et al. Entropy generation for MHD two phase blood flow through a curved permeable artery having variable viscosity with heat and mass transfer. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2022; 133: 105954.
10.
KumarPBSrinivasS. Pulsating flow of a non-Newtonian nanofluid in a porous channel with magnetic field. Mater Today Proc2019; 9: 320–332.
11.
ReddySRRAnki ReddyPB. Thermal radiation effect on unsteady three-dimensional MHD flow of micropolar fluid over a horizontal surface of a parabola of revolution. Propuls Power Res2022; 11: 129–142.
12.
MakindeODMaboodFIbrahimMS. Chemically reacting on MHD boundary-layer flow of nanofluids over a non-linear stretching sheet with heat source/sink and thermal radiation. Therm Sci2018; 22: 495–506.
13.
RashadAM. Impact of thermal radiation on MHD slip flow of a ferrofluid over a non-isothermal wedge. J Magn Magn Mater2017; 422: 25–31.
14.
ReddySRRReddyPBA. Impact of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on hydromagnetic unsteady flow over an exponentially inclined preamble stretching sheet. J Comput Appl Res Mech Eng2020; 10: 171–181.
15.
KhazayinejadMHafeziMDabirB. Peristaltic transport of biological graphene-blood nanofluid considering inclined magnetic field and thermal radiation in a porous media. Powder Technol2021; 384: 452–465.
16.
SinhaAShitGC. Electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of blood and heat transfer in a capillary with thermal radiation. J Magn Magn Mater2015; 378: 143–151.
17.
KumarPBSuripeddiS. A note on the pulsatile flow of hydromagnetic Eyring–Powell nanofluid through a vertical porous channel. Eur Phys J Spec Top2021; 230: 1465–1474.
18.
GovindarajuluKSubramanyam ReddyA. Impacts of Joule heating and viscous dissipation on MHD pulsatile flow of third grade nanofluid in a channel. Proc IMechE, Part E: J Process Mechanical Engineering. Epub ahead of print 7 January 2022. DOI: 10.1177/0954408921106824.
19.
WangXQiaoYQiH, et al. Numerical study of pulsatile non-Newtonian blood flow and heat transfer in small vessels under a magnetic field. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2022; 133: 105930.
20.
AlwawiFAAlkasasbehHTRashadA, et al. Heat transfer analysis of ethylene glycol-based Casson nanofluid around a horizontal circular cylinder with MHD effect. Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science2020; 234: 2569–2580.
21.
DasKDuariPRKunduPK. Nanofluid bioconvection in presence of gyrotactic microorganisms and chemical reaction in a porous medium. J Mech Sci Technol2015; 29: 4841–4849.
22.
ÖğütEBKahveciK. Mixed convection characteristics of ethylene glycol and water mixture based Al2O3 nanofluids. In: Proceedings of the 2nd world congress on mechanical, chemical, and material engineering (MCM’16), Budapest, Hungary, 22–23 August 2016, pp.1–9.
23.
HussainZHayatTAlsaediA, et al. Three-dimensional convective flow of CNTs nanofluids with heat generation/absorption effect: a numerical study. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng2018; 329: 40–54.
24.
RanaPBhargavaR. Flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet: a numerical study. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul2012; 17: 212–226.
25.
ChoiSUSEastmanJA. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. In: Proceedings of the 1995 ASME Int Mech Engineering Congr Expo, San Francisco, CA, USA, FED231/MD66, 1995, pp.99–105. New York: ASME.
26.
ReddySRRReddyPBA. Biomathematical analysis for the carbon nanotubes effects on the stagnation point flow towards a nonlinear stretching sheet with homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction. J Nav Archit Mar Eng2020; 17: 67–77.
27.
KumarRKumarRSharmaT, et al. Mathematical modeling of stagnation region nanofluid flow through Darcy–Forchheimer space taking into account inconsistent heat source/sink. J Appl Math Comput2021; 65: 713–734.
28.
ReddySRRRajuCSKGunakalaSR, et al. Bio-magnetic pulsatile CuO-Fe3O4 hybrid nanofluid flow in a vertical irregular channel in a suspension of body acceleration. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2022; 135: 106151.
29.
KumarKGRahimi-GorjiMReddyMG, et al. Enhancement of heat transfer in a convergent/divergent channel by using carbon nanotubes in the presence of a Darcy–Forchheimer medium. Microsyst Technol2020; 26: 323–332.
30.
RajeshVSheremetMAÖztopHF. Impact of hybrid nanofluids on MHD flow and heat transfer near a vertical plate with ramped wall temperature. Case Stud Therm Eng2021; 28: 101557.
31.
ReddySRRReddyPBAChamkhaAJ. Heat transfer analysis of MHD CNTS nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. Spec Top Rev Porous Media2020; 11: 133–147.
32.
MarajENZehraISherAkbarN. Rotatory flow of MHD (MoS2-SiO2)/H2O hybrid nanofluid in a vertical channel owing to velocity slip and thermal periodic conditions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp2022; 639: 128383.
33.
JawadMKhanAShahSAA. Examination of couple stress hybrid nanoparticles (CuO-Cu/Blood) as a targeted drug carrier with magnetic effects through porous sheet. Braz J Phys2021; 51: 1096–1107.
34.
ElsaidEMAbdel-wahedMS. MHD mixed convection Ferro Fe3O4/Cu-hybrid-nanofluid runs in a vertical channel. Chin J Phys2022; 76: 269–282.
35.
MaYMohebbiRRashidiMM, et al. MHD convective heat transfer of Ag-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid in a channel with active heaters and coolers. Int J Heat Mass Transf2019; 137: 714–726.
36.
PattnaikPKMishraSRMahantheshB, et al. Heat transport of nano-micropolar fluid with an exponential heat source on a convectively heated elongated plate using numerical computation. Multidiscip Model Mater Struct2020; 16: 1295–1312.
37.
GhalambazMGroşanTPopI. Mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium filled with a suspension of nano-encapsulated phase change materials. J Mol Liq2019; 293: 111432.
38.
HoCJLiuYCGhalambazM, et al. Forced convection heat transfer of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Material (NEPCM) suspension in a mini-channel heatsink. Int J Heat Mass Transf2020; 155: 119858.
39.
ManjunathaSPuneethVGireeshaBJ, et al. Theoretical study of convective heat transfer in ternary nanofluid flowing past a stretching sheet. J Appl Comput Mech2022; 8: 1279–1286.
40.
MakindeOD. Thermal stability of a reactive viscous flow through a porous-saturated channel with convective boundary conditions. Appl Therm Eng2009; 29: 1773–1777.
