Hydrostatic bearings are commonly utilized in high-speed and heavy-load rotating machinery. Improving the structural design of hydrostatic bearings is crucial for enhancing comprehensive lubrication performance. Among the various oil cavity configurations available for hydrostatic bearings, the design of multi-oil pads and double rectangular oil cavities demonstrates significant advantages in lubrication performance, which largely depend on the area of the oil cavities. Therefore, this study deeply explored the influence of oil cavity area on oil film pressure, temperature rise, and flow speed considering viscosity changes. By determining the optimal oil cavity area, hydrostatic bearings can achieve the best performance. The research results show that when the oil cavity area is approximately 75% of the oil pad area, the hydrostatic bearing can maximize load-carrying capacity, minimize temperature rise, and optimize the flow speed. The effectiveness of this method has been verified through experiments. These characteristics enable the bearings to effectively process large-sized and heavy-weight components. Consequently, they are widely applied in heavy machinery, energy equipment, and aerospace engines.
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