Multi-objective optimization of rivet and die for self-piercing riveting using finite element analysis

Abstract

This study numerically investigated the effects of self-piercing riveting (SPR) process parameters on the quality of joints between steel and aluminum alloy sheets. First, the mechanical properties of each metal were experimentally evaluated, and a single-lap shear test was performed to validate a constructed finite element analysis model. This model was subsequently applied to optimize the die depth, die radius, and rivet length parameters of the SPR process using a multi-objective optimization method considering the shear strength, interlocking distance, and minimum thickness of the bottom sheet as objective functions. The results indicated that the maximum interlock distance was achieved with a longer die depth and larger die radius, and the largest minimum thickness of the bottom sheet was achieved with a shorter rivet length and larger die depth and radius. The die radius and depth were determined to be the most critical variables for all objective functions. The findings of this study can be applied to optimize the SPR of steel and aluminum alloy sheets.