T800 carbon fiber/high-temperature epoxy resin composites with holes were subjected to thermal–oxidative aging, and the effects of different aging temperatures and times on the composite properties were investigated. The mass loss, surface topography, open-hole tensile performance, fracture morphologies, dynamic mechanical properties, and infrared spectra were analyzed. The results showed that chemical aging did not occur with thermal–oxidative aging at 70°C and 130°C. However, chemical aging occurred at 190°C. At 70°C, 130°C, and 190°C, all samples showed a slight increase followed by a slight decrease and stabilization in the open-hole tensile strength. The open-hole tensile strength was maximized after 240 h aging at different temperatures; the open-hole tensile strength after 1920 h aging exceeded that of the unaged samples. All composites experienced through-hole failure. With aging, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was gradually increased and then decreased. After 960 h aging at different temperatures, Tg was maximized.
HutapeaPYuanFP. The effect of thermal aging on the mode-I interlaminar fracture behavior of a high-temperature IM7/LaRC-RP46 composite. Compos Sci Technol. 1999; 59(8): 1271–1286.
2.
BakarMDukRPrzybyłekM, et al.Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy resin modified with polyurethane. J Reinf Plast Compos2008; 28(17): 2107–2118.
3.
LoweAFoxBOtieno-AlegoV. Interfacial ageing of high temperature carbon/bismaleimide composites. Compos Part A-Appl S2002; 33: 1289–1292.
4.
LiaoKSchultheiszCRHunstonDL. Effects of environmental ageing on the properties of pultruded GFRP. Compos Part B-Eng1999; 30: 485–493.
5.
PengGQShiFHWangYF, et al.Effects of three types of T700 carbon fiber on the mechanical properties of their composites with bismaleimide resin. New Carbon Mater2016; 31(2): 176–181.
6.
BullionsTMcgrathJLoosA. Thermal-oxidative aging effects on the properties of a carbon fiber-reinforced phenylethynyl-terminated poly (etherimide). Compos Sci Technol2003; 63(12): 1737–1748.
7.
OlivierLBaudetCBertheauD, et al.Development of experimental, theoretical and numerical tools for studying thermo-oxidation of CFRP composites. Compos Part A-Appl S2009; 40(8): 1008–1016.
8.
SongZWLvYBTongLY. Thermal-behavior study of chlorine released from composite refuse derived fuel. Waste Manage2009; 29(8): 2298–2305.
9.
KaltakciMY. Stress concentrations and failure criteria in anisotropic plates with circular holes subjected to tension or compression. Comput Struct1996; 61(1): 67–78.
10.
XuLHeYMaSH, et al.Tensile failure analysis of composite laminates with a hole. Sci Tech Eng2018; 18(34): 242–247.
11.
KintadaMSinghAK. Progressive failure analysis of laminated composite with hole under flexural loading. Int J Comp Meth-Sing2018; 19(6): 419–424.
12.
SunPZhaoYLuoYF, et al.Effect of temperature and cyclic hygrothermal aging on the interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber/bismaleimide (BMI) composite. Mater Des2011; 32(8–9): 4341–4347.
13.
GaoYSunCBGaoBW, et al.Status and progress of influence of typical aerospace environments on mechanical behavior of polymer matrix composites. Polym Mater Sci Eng2018; 34(5): 177–182.
14.
Da SilvaLVDa SilvaFWTarpaniJR, et al.Ageing effect on the tensile behavior of pultruded CFRP rods. Mater Des2016; 110: 245–254.
15.
ZhangYXMiyauchiMNuttS. Moisture absorption and hydrothermal aging of phenylethynyl-terminated pyromellitic dianhydride-type asymmetric polyimide and composites. High Perform Polym2019; 31(9–10): 1020–1029.
16.
SugimanSPutraIKPSetyawanPD. Effects of the media and ageing condition on the tensile properties and fracture toughness of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stabil2016; 134: 311–321.
17.
CarraGCarvelliV. Ageing of pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composites exposed to combined environmental agents. Compos Struct2014; 108: 1019–1026.
18.
WangYQZhouSYDuHY, et al.Investigation of the thermal ageing process and mechanism of benzoxazine/bismaleimide/cyanate ester copolymer. High Perform Polym2018; 31(6): 623–630.
19.
AkayMSprattGMeenanB. The effects of long-term exposure to high temperatures on the ILSS and impact performance of carbon fibre reinforced bismaleimide. Compos Sci Technol2003; 63: 1053–1059.
20.
LiKWangKZhanMS, et al.The change of thermal-mechanical properties and chemical structure of ambient cured DGEBA/TEPA under accelerated thermo-oxidative ageing. Polym Degrad Stab2013; 98: 2340–2346.
21.
KhajehAMustaphaFSultanMTH, et al.The effect of thermooxidative ageing on the durability of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy. Adv Mater Sci Eng2015; 2015: 372354.
22.
XuLHeYMaSH, et al.Effects of hygrothermal and thermal-oxidative ageing on the open-hole properties of T800/high-temperature epoxy resin composites with different hole shapes. High Perform Polym2019. DOI:10.1177/0954008319860892.
23.
MaSHFeiBQXuL, et al.Influence of thermal-oxidative aging on property of carbon fiber bismaleimide resin composite. J Mater Eng2017; 45(12): 50–57.
24.
WangSQDongSLGaoY, et al.Thermal ageing effects on mechanical properties and barely visible impact damage behavior of a carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide composite. Mater Des2017; 115: 213–223.
25.
American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM D 5766/ASTM D 5766M-11(2018) Standard test method for open-hole tensile strength of polymer matrix composite laminates. West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2018.
26.
American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM D 7028/7028M-2007 Standard Test method for glass transition temperature(DMA Tg) of polymer matrix composites by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2007.
27.
KobayashiYKobayashiS. Effect of long-term thermo-oxidative aging on weight and fracture toughness of polycyanate neat resin. Adv Compos Mater2016; 25(5): 471–485.
28.
XuLHuangGDMaSH, et al.Influence of thermal-oxidative aging on mechanical property of carbon fiber bismaleimide resin composites. J Solid Rocket Techno2017; 40(6): 770–775.
29.
LévêqueDSchiefferAMavelA, et al.Analysis of how thermal aging affects the long-term mechanical behavior and strength of polymer-matrix composites. Compos Sci Technol2005; 65(3–4): 395–401.
30.
SchiefferAMaireJLévêqueD. A coupled analysis of mechanical behaviour and ageing for polymer-matrix composites. Compos Sci Technol2002; 62(4): 543–549.
31.
FanWLiJL. Effects of thermo-oxidative aging on flexural properties of carbon fiber fabric reinforced polymer matrix composites. Acta Mater Compos Sin2015; 32(5): 1260–1270.
32.
KobayashiYKobayashiS. The effect of long-term exposure to high temperature atmosphere on weight change and damage progress in carbon fiber-reinforced polycyanate ester composites. Adv Compos Mater2015; 24(2): 97–112.
33.
WangYYMengJYZhaoQ, et al.Accelerated ageing tests for evaluations of a durability performance of glass-fiber reinforcement polyester composites. J Mater Sci Technol2010; 26(6): 572–576.
34.
OdegardGMBandyopadhyayA. Physical aging of epoxy polymers and their composites. J Polym Sci Pol Phys2011; 49(24): 1695–1716.
35.
KubotaYFurutaTAokiT, et al.Long-term thermal stability of carbon fibre-reinforced addition-type polyimide composite in terms of compressive strength. Adv Compos Mater2019; 28(2): 115–133.
36.
XiaoMLZhangYBWangZH, et al.Tensile failure analysis and residual strength prediction of CFRP laminates with open hole. Compos Part B-Eng2017; 126: 49–59.
37.
ChenSBWangQHWangTM. Dynamic mechanical properties of polysiloxane-modified, castor oil-based polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating polymer network composites. High Perform Polym2011; 23(5): 345–351.
38.
WuYFengCYangJP, et al.High thermally stable thermosetting polyimides derived from a carborane-containing tetramine. High Perform Polym2019; 31(5): 548–556.
39.
PeiYMWangKZhanMS, et al.Thermal-oxidative aging of DGEBA/EPN/LMPA epoxy system: Chemical structure and thermal-mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab2011; 96(7): 1179–1186.
40.
PangKPGillhamJK. Competition between cure and thermal degradation in a high Tg epoxy system: effect of time and temperature of isothermal cure on the glass transition temperature. J Appl Polym Sci1990; 39: 909–933.
41.
LvXYJiangLZhangYH. Thermal-oxidative aging properties of bismaleimide and composites. T Mater Heat Treat2013; 34(11): 21–26.
42.
RayBC. Temperature effect during humid ageing on interfaces of glass and carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites. J Colloid Interf Sci2006; 298(1): 111–117.
43.
GuoMLZhaoYXuFH. Study of aging of advanced polymer matrix composites I. thermooxidizing aging. Acta Aeronaut Astronaut Sin2000; 21(4): 62–65.
44.
LiXJXuFHChenXW. Study of thermooxidizing aging of advanced polymer matrix composites. J Mater Eng1999; 1999(12): 19–22.
45.
MaSHHeYHuiL, et al.Effects of hygrothermal and thermal aging on the low-velocity impact properties of carbon fiber composites. Adv Compos Mater2019. DOI: 10.1080/09243046.2019.1630054.
46.
WolfrumJEiblSLietchL, et al.Rapid evaluation of long-term thermal degradation of carbon fibre epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol2009; 69(3): 523–530.
47.
EiblS. Observing inhomogeneity of plastic components in carbon fibre reinforced polymer materials by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the micrometer scale. J Compos Mater2008; 42:1231–1246.
48.
FanWLiJLZhengYY, et al.Influence of thermo-oxidative aging on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber fabric reinforced epoxy composites. Polym Degrad Stab2016; 123: 162–169.
49.
LuomaGARowlandRD. Environmental degradation of an epoxy resin matrix. J Appl Polym Sci1986; 32(7): 5777–5790.
50.
HongSG.The thermal-oxidative degradation of an epoxy adhesive on metal substrates: XPS and RAIR analyses. Polym Degrad Stab1995; 48(2): 211–2188.
51.
GalantCFayolleBKuntzM, et al.Thermal and radio-oxidation of epoxy coatings. Prog Org Coat2010; 69(4): 322–329.
52.
MustoPRagostaGRussoP, et al.Thermal-oxidative degradation of epoxy and epoxy-bismaleimide networks: kinetics and mechanism. Macromol Chem Phys2001; 202(18): 3445–3458.
53.
LvXYWangRGLiuWB, et al.Surface and interface properties of carbon fiber composites under cyclical aging. Appl Surf Sci2011; 257(24): 10459–10464.
