The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize new poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs) hybrid composites with or without a basic drug content, e.g., 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid (ibuprofen), obtained at different pH values. Through sol-gel approach of chloropropyltriethoxysilane with a PVA precursor containing a fluorescent dye (lissamine rhodamine-B sulfonyl chloride), new hybrid materials with porous structures were obtained. Due to encapsulation in a porous network, the influence of rhodamine H-dimers on fluorescence quenching was negligible and the presence of free dye was exploited as a mechanism for anchoring the ibuprofen molecules through hydrogen bonding onto pore surfaces.
StejskalJKratochvilPHelmstedtM. Polyaniline dispersions. Poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) as steric stabilizers. Langmuir1996; 12: 3389–3403.
3.
ChielliniECortiAD’AntoneS. Biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) based materials. Prog Polym Sci2003; 28: 963–1014.
4.
ReetzMTZontaASimpelkampJ. Efficient immobilization of lipases by entrapment in hydrophobic sol-gel materials. Biotechnol Bioeng1996; 49: 527–534.
5.
GillIBallesterosA. Encapsulation of biologicals within silicate, siloxane, and hybrid sol-gel polymers: an efficient and generic approach. J Am Chem Soc1998; 120: 8587–8598.
6.
WangBLiBDengQ. Amperometric glucose biosensor based on sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid material. Anal Chem1998; 70: 3170–3174.
7.
LinLXiaoLLHuangS. Novel BOD optical fiber biosensor based on co-immobilized microorganisms in ormosils matrix. Biosens Bioelectron2006; 21: 1703–1709.
8.
TangYFDuYMHuXW. Rheological characterisation of a novel thermosensitive chitosan poly(vinyl alcohol) blend hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym2007; 67: 491–499.
9.
ParadkarARMaheshwariMKetkarAR. Preparation and evaluation of ibuprofen beads by melt solidification technique. Int J Pharm2003; 255: 33–42.
10.
BolourtchianNKarimiKAboofazeliR. Preparation and characterization of ibuprofen microspheres. J Microencapsul2005; 22: 529–538.
11.
BorovacTPelageJPKasselouriA. Release of ibuprofen from beads for embolization: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Controll Release2006; 115: 266–274.
12.
OlaruMCotofanaCPatrasX. Design of novel PVA-based hybrid composites for drug delivery. OAM-RC2009; 3: 1273–1275.
13.
MahkamMSharifiNEntezamiAA. Regulation of controlled release of ibuprofen from crosslinked polymer containing cubane as a new crosslinking agent. J Bioact Comp Polym2000; 15: 396–405.
14.
MehrdadMPoorgholyN. Imprinted polymers as drug delivery vehicles for anti-inflammatory drugs. Nature Sci2011; 9: 163–168.
15.
ChenYXuT. The effect of dendrimers on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behaviors of non-covalently or covalently attached drugs. Eur J Med Chem2008; 43: 2291–2297.
16.
QiuXLeporattiSDonathE. Studies on the drug release properties of polysaccharide multilayers encapsulated ibuprofen microparticles. Langmuir2001; 17: 5375–5380.
17.
CaoS-WZhuY-JWuJ. Preparation and sustained-release property of triblock copolymer/calcium phosphate nanocomposite as nanocarrier for hydrophobic drug. Nanoscale Res Lett2010; 5: 781–785.
18.
AdeyeyeCMPriceJC.Development and evaluation of sustained-release ibuprofen-wax microspheres. II. In vitro dissolution studies. Pharm Res1994; 11: 575–579.
19.
HossainMBRashidMAhmedM. Release kinetics studies of ibuprofen from sustained release microcapsules. Dhaka Univ J Pharm Sci. 2005; 4: 45–49.
20.
Lopez ArbeloaFRuizojedaPLopez ArbeloaI. On the aggregation of rhodamine B in ethanol. Chem Phys Lett1988; 148: 253–258.
21.
SelwynJESteinfeleldJI. Aggregation equilibria of xanthene dyes. Phys Chem1972; 76: 762–774.
22.
PenzkoferALuY. Fluorescence quenching of rhodamine 6G in methanol at high concentration. Chem Phys1986; 103: 399–405.
23.
MarchesiniSGattSAgmonV. A novel fluorescent pH indicator for the acidic range. Biochem Int1992; 27: 545–550.
CostelaAGarcia-MorenoIGomezC. Polymer-filled nanoporous silica aerogels as hosts for highly stable solid-state dye lasers. J Phys Chem B2005; 109: 4475.
26.
Garcia-MorenoACICuestaAGarciaO. Synthesis, structure, and physical properties of hybrid nanocomposites for solid-state dye lasers. J Phys Chem B2005; 109: 21618–21626.
27.
SharpKG. A new route to polymer-filled glass. In: MarkJELeeCYCBianconiPA (eds.) Hybrid Organic - Inorganic Composites. Washington DC, USA: ACS Symposium Series, 1995.
28.
YoshidaA. Silica nucleation, polymerization and growth preparation of monodispersed sols. In: BergnaHE (ed.) The Colloid Chemistry of Silica. Washington DC, USA: ACS Advances in Chemistry Series, 1994.
29.
JiangYWuZYouL. Bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine and tetraethoxysilane derived gels as effective controlled release carriers for water-soluble drugs of small molecules. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces2006; 49: 55–59.
30.
MansurHSOréficeRLMansurAAP. Characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels and PVA-derived hybrids by small-angle X-ray scattering and FTIR spectroscopy. Polymer2004; 45:7193–7202.
31.
HenninkWENostrumCF. Novel crosslinking methods to design hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev2002; 54: 13–36.
32.
GholapSGJogJPBadigerMV. Synthesis and characterization of hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel membrane. Polymer2004; 45: 5863–5873.
33.
KeeferKD. The effect of hydrolysis conditions on the structure and growth of silicate polymers. In: BrinkerCJClarkDEUlrichDR (eds.) Better ceramics through chemistry. New York, USA: Elsevier-North-Holland, 1984.
34.
KlotzMAyralAGuizardC. Tailoring of the porosity in sol-gel derived silica thin layer. Korean Chem Soc1999; 20: 879–884.
35.
KarthausOMaruyamaNCierenX. Water-assisted formation of micrometer size honeycomb patterns of polymers. Langmuir2000; 16: 6071–6076.
36.
SmithSNSteerRP. The photophysics of lissamine rhodamine-B sulphonyl chloride in aqueous solution: implications for fluorescent protein–dye conjugates. J Photochem Photobiol A–Chem2001; 139: 151–156.
37.
DrexhageKH. Structure and properties of laser dyes. In: SchäferFP (ed.). Topics in Applied Physics “Dye laser”. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1977.
38.
PlantAL. Mechanism of concentration quenching of a xanthene dye encapsulated in phospholipid vesicles. Photochem Photobiol1986; 44: 453–459.
39.
JamesonDMCroneyJCMoensPD. Fluorescence: basic concepts, practical aspects, and some anecdotes. Methods Enzymol2003; 360: 1–43.
40.
TurroNJ. Modern molecular photochemistry. Mill Valley: University Science Books, 1991.
41.
CollinsonMMWangHMakoteR. The effects of drying time and relative humidity on the stability of sol-gel derived silicate films in solution. Electroanal Chem2002; 519: 65–71.
42.
CostaFOPaisAACCSousaJJS. Analysis of formulation effects in the dissolution of ibuprofen pellets. Int J Pharm2004; 270: 9–19.
