Adams, E.W. (1937) Drug Addiction. London: Oxford University Press.
2.
American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edn. Washington, DC: APA.
3.
American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edn, revised. Washington, DC: APA.
4.
Arieti, S. (1959) American Handbook of Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
5.
Armstrong-Jones, R. (1902) 'Notes on Some Cases of Morphinomania', Journal of Mental Science48: 478-95.
6.
Ashton, J. (1898) The History of Gamblrng in England. London: Duckworth.
7.
Bailey, P. (1987) Leisure and Class in Victorian England: Rational Recreation and the Contest for Control, 1830-1885, 2nd edn. London: RKP.
8.
Bergler, E. (1936) 'Zur Psychologie des Hasardspeilers', Imago22:409-41.
9.
Bergler, E. (1958) The Psychology of Gambling. New York: International Universities Press.
10.
Berridge, V. and Edwards, G. (1981) Opium and the People. London : Allen Lane.
11.
Bleuler, E. (1924[1913]) Textbook of Psychiatry, trans. A. A. Brill. New York: Macmillan .
12.
Blume, S.B. (1986) 'Treatment for the Addictions: Alcoholism, Drug Dependence and Compulsive Gambling in a Psychiatric Setting', Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment3: 131-3.
13.
Browne, B.R. (1993) 'The Selective Adaptation of the Alcoholics Anonymous Program by Gamblers Anonymous', in W. R. Eadington and J. A. Cornelius (eds) Gambling Behavior and Problem Gambling. Reno: Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming, University of Nevada .
14.
Chesney, K. (1970) The Victorian Underworld. London : Maurice Temple Smith.
15.
Chinn, C. (1991) Better Betting with a Decent Feller: Bookmakers, Betting and the British Working Class, 1750-1990. Hemel Hempstead, Herts: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
16.
Clapson, M. (1992) A Bit of a Flutter: Popular Gambling and English Society, c. 1823-1961. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
17.
Clouston, T.S. (1883) Clinical Lectures on Mental Diseases, 1st ednLondon: Churchill.
18.
Clouston, T.S. (1890) 'Diseased Cravings and Paralysed Control: Dipsomania, Morphinomania, Chloralism, Cocainism', Edinburgh Medical Journal35: 508-21, 689-705, 793-809, 985-96.
19.
Conolly, J. (1830) An Inquiry Concerning the Indications of Insanity, with Suggestions for the Better Protection and Care of the Insane. London: J. Taylor.
20.
Cornish, D.B. (1978) Gambling: A Review of the Literature and its Implications for Policy and Research. Home Office Research Study no. 42. London: HMSO.
21.
Cotton, C. (1674) The Compleat Gamester. London: R. Cutler. Reprinted in C.H. Hartmann (1930) Games and Gamesters of the Restoration. London: Routledge & Sons.
22.
Crothers, T.D. (1902) Morphinism and Narcomanias from Other Drugs. Their Etiology, Treatment and Medico-legal Relations. London: W. B. Saunders.
23.
Dickerson, M. (1979) 'FI Schedules and Persistence at Gambling in the UK Betting Office', Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis12: 315-23.
24.
Dickerson, M. (1984) Compulsive Gamblers. London : Longman.
25.
Digby, A. (1985) Madness, Morality and Medicine: A Study of the York Retreat, 1796-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26.
Dixon, D. (1980) 'The Discovery of the Compulsive Gambler', in Z. Bankowski and G. Mungham (eds) Essays in Law and Society. London: RKP.
27.
Dixon, D. (1991) From Prohibition to Regulation: Bookmaking, Anti-Gambling and the LawOxford: Clarendon Press .
28.
Dowie, J.A. (1976) 'On the Efficiency and Equity of Betting Markets' , Economica43: 139-50.
29.
Duncan, J.F. (1853) Popular Errors on the Subject of Insanity Examined and Exposed. Dublin: McGlashan.
30.
Eadington, W. and Cornelius, J. A., eds (1993) Gambling Behavior and Problem Gambling. Reno: Institute for the Study of Gaming and Commercial Gambling, University of Nevada.
31.
Esquirol, J.E.D. (1845) Mental Maladies: A Treatise on Insanity, trans. E. K. Hunt from the French edn of 1817, with additions. Philadelphia, PA: Lee & Blanchard.
32.
Fenichel, O. (1945) The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. New York: W. W. Norton.
33.
Forrest, A., ed. (1977) Companion to Psychiatric Studies, 2 vols. London: Churchill Livingstone.
34.
Foucault, M. (1979) 'On Governmentality', I & C6:5-22. Also in G. Burchell , C. Gordon and P. Miller, eds (1991) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Hemel Hempstead, Herts: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
35.
Freud, S. (1961[1928]) 'Dosteovsky and Parricide', in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud , ed. and trans. J. H. Strachey, Vol. XXI. London: Hogarth Press, pp. 175-96.
36.
Galski, T. (1987) The Handbook of Pathological Gambling. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
37.
Gandar, J.M., Zuber, R.A. and Rosso, B. (1993) 'Testing Efficiency in Gambling Markets: a Comment' , Applied Economics25(7): 937-43.
38.
Gilman, S.L. (1982) Seeing the Insane. New York : Wiley.
39.
Greenwood, J. (1869) The Seven Curses of London. London: Stanley Rivers.
40.
Hacking, I. (1986) 'Making up People', in P. Heller et al. (eds) Reconstructing Individualism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 222-36.
41.
Halgin, R.P. and Whitbourne, S.K. (1993) Abnormal Psychology: The Human Experience of Psychological Disorders. New York: Harcourt Brace.
42.
Halperin, D.M. (1990) One Hundred Years of Homosexuality. London: Routledge.
43.
Harding, G. (1988) Opiate Addiction, Morality and MedicineNew York: St Martin's Press.
44.
Kaplan, H.I. and Sadock, B.J. (1989) Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 5th edn. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
45.
Kerr, N. (1894) Inebriety or Narcomania. London : H. K. Lewis.
46.
Kolb, L.C. (1973) Modern Clinical Psychiatry, 8th edn. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.
47.
Kraepelin, E. (1912) Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry. London: Balliere, Tindall & Cox.
48.
Kraepelin, E. (1918[1907]) Clinical Psychiatry: A Textbook for Students and Physicians, trans. A. Ross Diefendorf from the 7th German edn. London: Macmillan.
49.
Lesieur, H.R. (1984) The Chase: Career of the Compulsive Gambler. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Books.
50.
Lesieur, H.R. (1990) 'Working with and Understanding Gamblers Anonymous ', in T. J. Powell (ed.) Working with Self-Help. Silver Spring, MD: NASW Press.
51.
Lesieur, H.R. and Blume, S.B. (1987) 'The South Oaks Gambling Screen (the SOGS): a New Instrument for the Identification of Pathological Gamblers', American Journal of Psychiatry144: 1184-8.
52.
Lesieur, H.R. and Blume, S.B. (1993) 'Revising the South Oaks Gambling Screen in Different Settings', Journal of Gambling Studies9(3): 213-23.
53.
Lesieur, H.R. and Rosenthal, R.J. (1991) 'Pathological Gambling: a Review of the Literature' (prepared for the American Psychiatric Association taskforce on DSM-IV Committee on Disorders of Impulse Control Not Elsewhere Classified), Journal of Gambling Studies7: 5-39.
54.
Levine, H. (1978) 'The Discovery of Addiction: Changing Conceptions of Habitual Drunkenness in America', Journal of Studies on Alcohol39: 143-76.
55.
Levinstein, E. (1878) Morbid Craving for Morphia. London: Smith, Elder.
56.
Light, A.B. et al. (1929) Opium Addiction. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association.
57.
Lucas, T. (1714) Memoirs of the Lives, Intrigues, and Comical Adventures of the Most Famous Gamesters and Celebrated Sharpers in the Reigns of Charles II, James II, William II and Queen Anne. London: Jonas Brown. Reprinted in C.H. Hartmann (1930) Games and Gamesters of the Restoration. London: Routledge & Sons.
58.
McGurrin, M.C. (1992) Pathological Gambling: Conceptual, Diagnostic, and Treatment IssuesSarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange Inc.
59.
McKibbin, R. (1979) 'Working-class Gambling in Britain, 1880-1939' , Past and Present82: 147-78.
60.
Maudsley, H. (1868) The Physiology and Pathology of Mind, 2nd edn. London: Macmillan .
61.
Moody, G. (1990) Quit Compulsive Gambling: The Action Plan for Gamblers and their Families. London: Thorson .
62.
Moran, E. (1970) 'Gambling as a Form of Dependence', British Journal of Addiction64: 419-28.
63.
Moseley, W.W. (1838) Eleven Chapters on Nervous or Mental Complaints, and on Two Great Discoveries, by which Hundreds have been, and All may be Cured. London: Simpkin, Marshall .
64.
Murray, J. (1992) 'Review of Research on Pathological Gambling', Psychological Reports72: 791-810.
65.
Neville, W.B. (1836) On Insanity: Its Nature, Causes and Cures. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman .
66.
Nyswander, M.E. (1956) The Drug Addict as Patient. London: Grune & Stratton.
67.
Orford, J. (1985) Excessive Appetites: A Psychological View of Addictions. London: Wiley.
68.
Parssinen, T.M. (1983) Secret Passions, Secret Remedies: Narcotic Drugs in British Society, 1820-1930 . Philadelphia, PA: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.
69.
Parssinen, T.M. and Kerner, K. (1980) 'Development of the Disease Model of Drug Addiction in Britain, 1870-1926', Medical History24: 275-96.
70.
Perkins, Rev. E. B. ( 1950[1919]) The Problem of GamblingLondon: Epworth Press.
71.
Pinel, P. (1806) A Treatise on Insanity, trans. D. D. Davis from the French edn of 1801. Sheffield: Cadell & Davies .
72.
Popkin, M.K. (1989) 'Impulse Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified', in H. I. Kaplan and B. J. Sadock (eds) Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 5th edn. London: Williams & Wilkins.
73.
Porter, R. (1985) 'The Drinking Man's Disease: the Prehistory of Alcoholism in Georgian Britain', British Journal of Addiction80: 385-96.
74.
Prichard, J.C. (1835) A Treatise on Insanity and Other Disorders Affecting the Mind. London: Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper.
75.
Reader, W.J. (1964) Life in Victorian England. London: Batsford.
76.
Rose, I. Nelson (1988) 'Compulsive Gambling and the Law: From Sin to Vice to Disease', Journal of Gambling Behavior4: 240-60.
77.
Rose, Nikolas (1985) The Psychological Complex: Psychology, Politics and Society in England, 1869-1939. London: Routledge.
78.
Rose, Nikolas (1986) 'Psychiatry: The Discipline of Mental Health', in P. Miller and N. Rose (eds) The Power of Psychiatry. Cambridge: Polity.
79.
Rose, Nikolas (1988) 'Calculable Minds and Manageable Individuals', History of the Human Sciences1(2): 179-200.
80.
Rose, Nikolas (1989) Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self. London: Routledge.
81.
Rosecrance, J. (1985) 'Compulsive Gambling and the Medicalisation of Deviance', Social Problems32(3): 275-84.
82.
Rosenthal, R. (1985) 'The Pathological Gambler's System for Self-Deception' , in W. R. Eadington (ed.) The Gambling Papers: Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Gambling and Risk-taking. Reno: University of Nevada.
83.
Rosenthal, R. (1987) 'The Psychodynamics of Pathological Gambling: a Review of the Literature', in T. Galski (ed.) Handbook of Pathological Gambling. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.
84.
Sainsbury, H. (1909) Drugs and the Drug Habit. London : Methuen.
85.
Scull, A. (1993) The Most Solitary of Afflictions: Madness and Society in Britain, 1700-1900. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
86.
Seguin, E. (1870) New Facts and Remarks Concerning Idiocy. New York: W. M. Wood.
87.
Simmel, E. (1920) 'Psychoanalysis of the Gambler', International Journal of Psychoanalysis1: 352-3.
88.
Slater, E. and Roth, M. (1969) Clinical Psychiatry, 3rd edn. London: Balliere, Tindall & Cassell.
89.
Smith, R. (1981) Trial by Medicine: Insanity and Responsibility in Victorian Trials. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
90.
Smith, R. (1992) Inhibition: History and Meaning in the Sciences of Mind and Brain. London: Free Association Books.
91.
Stone, E.M. (1988) American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
92.
Storch, R.D. (1977) 'The Problem of Working-class Leisure. Some Roots of Middle-class Moral Reform in the Industrial North: 1825-1850', in A. P. Donajgrodski (ed.) Social Control in Nineteenth- Century Britain. London: Croom Helm.
93.
Thomas, K. (1971) Religion and the Decline of Magic. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
94.
von Hattingberg, H. (1914) 'Analerotik, Angstlust und Eigensinn', Int ZürPsychoanalysis2: 244-58.
95.
Walton, H. (1985) Dictionary of Psychiatry. Oxford : Blackwell.
96.
Walton, J.K. (1979) 'Lunacy in the Industrial Revolution: a Study of Asylum Admissions in Lancashire, 1848-1850', Journal of Social History13: 1-22.
97.
World Health Organisation (1992) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descrtptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: WHO.
98.
Allen, M. (1837) Essay on the Classification of the Insane. London: J. Taylor.
99.
Blandford, G.F. (1892) Insanity and its Treatment: Lectures on the Treatment, Medical and Legal, of Insane Patients, 4th edn. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent.
100.
Bucknill, J.C. and Tuke, D.H. (1879) A Manual of Psychological Medicine, Containing the Lunacy Laws: the Nosology, Aetiology, Statistics, Description, Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of Insanity, with an Appendix of Cases, 4th edn. London: J. & A. Churchill.
101.
Burrows, G.M. (1828) Commentaries on the Causes, Forms, Symptoms, and Treatment, Moral and Medical, of InsanityLondon: T. & G. Underwood.
102.
Clouston, T.S. (1883) Clinical Lectures on Mental Diseases, 1st ednLondon: Churchill.
103.
Clouston, T.S. (1887) Clinical Lectures on Mental Diseases, 2nd edn. London: Churchill .
104.
Clouston, T.S. (1890) 'Diseased Cravings and Paralysed Control: Dipsomania, Morphinomania, Chloralism, Cocainism', Edinburgh Medical Journal35: 508-21, 689-705, 793-809, 985-96.
105.
Conolly, J. (1830) An Inquiry Concerning the Indications of Insanity, with Suggestions for the Better Protection and Care of the Insane. London: J. Taylor.
106.
Duncan, J.F. (1853) Popular Errors on the Subject of Insanity Examined and Exposed. Dublin: McGlashan.
107.
Esquirol, J.E.D. (1845) Mental Maladies: A Treatise on Insanity, trans. E. K. Hunt, from the French edn of 1817, with additions. Philadelphia, PA: Lee & Blanchard.
108.
Knight, P.S. (1827) Observations on the Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Derangement of the Mind. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green.
109.
Maudsley, H. (1868) The Physiology and Pathology of Mind, 2nd edn. London: Macmillan .
110.
Maudsley, H. (1895) The Pathology of Mind, 2nd edn. London: Macmillan.
111.
Morison, A. (1826) Outlines of Lectures on Mental Diseases, 2nd edn. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green.
112.
Moseley, W.W. (1838) Eleven Chapters on Nervous or Mental Complaints, and on Two Great Discoveries, by which Hundreds have been, and All may be Cured. London : Simpkin, Marshall.
113.
Neville, W.B. (1836) On Insanity: Its Nature, Causes and Cure. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman.
114.
Pinel, P. (1806) A Treatise on Insanity, trans. D. D. Davis from the French edn of 1801. Sheffield: Cadell & Davies .
115.
Prichard, J.C. (1835) A Treatise on Insanity and Other Disorders Affecting the Mind. London: Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper.
116.
Prichard, J.C. (1842) On the Different Forms of Insanity in Relation to Jurisprudence. London: Balliere.
117.
Tuke, D. H., ed. (1892) Dictionary of Psychological Medicine. London: J. & A. Churchill.
118.
Upham, T.C. (1840) Outlines of Imperfect and Disordered Mental Action . New York: Harper.
119.
Uwins, D. (1833) A Treatise on those Disorders of the Brain and Nervous System Which Are Usually Considered and Called Mental. London: Renshaw & Rush.
120.
Arieti, S. (1959) American Handbook of Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
121.
Berg, C. (1948) Clinical Psychology: A Case Book of the Neuroses and their Treatment. London: Allen & Unwin.
122.
Binger, C. (1951) More about Psychiatry. London : Allen & Unwin.
123.
Bleuler, E. (1924[1913]) Textbook of Psychiatry, trans. A. A. Brill. New York: Macmillan .
124.
Braude, M. (1937) The Principles and Practice of Clinical Psychiatry . Philadelphia, PA: P. Blakiston's Son.
125.
Cobb, S. (1943) Borderlands of Psychiatry. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Cole, R.H. (1913) Mental Diseases: A Text-Book of Psychiatry for Medical Students and Practitioners. London: University of London Press.
126.
Conklin, E.S. (1935) Prinaples of Abnormal Psychology. London: Allen & Unwin.
127.
Coriat, I.H. (1910) Abnormal Psychology. London : William Rider.
128.
Davis, D.R. (1957) An Introduction to Psychopathology. London: Oxford University Press.
129.
Dayton, N.A. (1940) New Facts on Mental Disorders: Study of 89,190 Cases. Springfield, IL/Baltimore, MD: Charles C. Thomas.
130.
Dicks, H.V. (1939) Clinical Studies in Psychopathology: A Contribution to the Aetiology of Neurotic Illness. London: Edward Arnold.
131.
Elkes, A. and Thorpe, J.G. (1967) A Summary of Psychiatry. London : Faber.
132.
Ewen, J.H. (1933) A Handbook of Psychratry. London : Balliere, Tindall & Cox.
133.
Ewen, J.H. (1947) Mental Health: A Practical Guide to Disorders of the Mind. London: E. Arnold.
134.
Fenichel, O. (1945) The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. New York: W. W. Norton.
135.
Fisher, V.E. (1937) An Introduction to Abnormal Psychology. New York: Macmillan.
136.
Forrest, A., ed. (1977) Companion to Psychiatric Studies, 2 vols. London: Churchill Livingstone.
137.
Henderson, D. and Gillespie, R.D. (1956) A Textbook of Psychiatry for Students and Practitioners , 8th edn. London: Oxford University Press.
138.
Jaspers, K. (1963[1946]) General Psychopathology, 7th edn. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
139.
Kolb, L.C. (1973) Modern Clinical Psychiatry, 8th edn. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.
140.
Kraepelin, E. (1912) Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry. London: Balliere, Tindall & Cox.
141.
Kraepelin, E. (1918[1907J) Clinical Psychratry: A Textbook for Students and Physicians, trans. A. Ross Diefendorf from the 7th German edn. London: Macmillan.
142.
Lydston, G.F. (1904) The Diseases of Society: The Vice and Crime Problem . London: J. B. Lippincott.
143.
Slater, E. and Roth, M. (1969) Clinical Psychiatry, 3rd edn. London: Balliere, Tindall & Cassell.
144.
Stoddart, W.H.B. (1912) Mind and its Disorders: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners. London: H. K. Lewis.