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Garland, D. (1985) Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies . Aldershot: Gower.

Norris, C. (1992) Uncritical Theory: Postmodernism, Intellectuals and the Gulf War. London: Lawrence & Wishart.

Radzinowicz, L. and Hood, R. (1990) The Emergence of Penal Policy in Victorian and Edwardian England. Oxford: Clarendon .

Stedman Jones, G. (1971) Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society. Oxford: Clarendon.