Psychology in the 18th century: a view from encyclopaedias

Cyclopaedia: or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, ed. E. Chambers , 2 vols. London: J. and J. Knapton, 1728.

Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste [Great Complete Universal Lexicon of All the Sciences and Arts], ed. J. H. Zedler (1-18) and C. G. Ludovici (19-64), 64 vols. Halle and Leipzig: J. H. Zedler, 1732-50.

Nuovo dizionario scientifico e curioso, sacro-profano [New Scientific and Curious Dictionary, on Profane and Sacred Matters], ed. G. Pivati , 10 vols. Venice: B. Milocco, 1746-51.

Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers [Encyclopaedia, or Reasoned Dictionary of Sciences, Crafts, and Trades], ed. J. Le Rond d'Alembert and D. Diderot. Text, 17 vols: 1-7 (1751-7), 8- 17 (1765); Supplément, 4 vols (1776-7); Table, 2 vols (1780). Paris: Le Breton.

Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, ed. W. Smellie , 3 vols. Edinburgh: printed for A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar, 1768 -71. 2nd edn, 10 vols. Edinburgh: printed for J. Balfour [and others], 1778-84 . 3rd edn, 18 vols [same as Edinburgh, 1787-97, 18 vols]. Philadelphia, PA: T. Dobson, 1798 [same as Edinburgh, 1787-97, 18 vols].

Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire universel raisonné des connoissances humaines [Encyclopaedia, or Universal Reasoned Dictionary of Human Knowledge], ed. F. B. de Felice. Text, 42 vols, 1770-5; Supplément, 6 vols, 1775-6. Yverdon: Société Typographique.

Encyclopédie méthodique, ou par ordre de matières [Methodical Encyclopaedia, that is, Arranged by Topics]. Paris: Panckoucke, 1788-1832. See Lacretelle (1786-91) and Naigeon (1791-4).

Adelung, J.C. (1780) Versuch eines vollständiges grammatisch-kritisch Wörterbuches [An Attempt at a Complete Grammatical-Critical Dictionary]. Leipzig: J. G. I. Breitkopf.

Alsted, J.H. (1649[1630]) Scientiarum omnium encyclopaedia [Encyclopedia of All the Sciences]. Lyons: T. A. Huguetan filii et M. A. Ravaud.

Ampère, A.M. (1834/43) Essai sur la philosophie des sciences [Essay on the Philosophy of the Sciences]. Paris: Bachelier.

Anon. (1655) Anthropologie abstracted: or, the idea of Humane nature reflected in briefe Philosophicall, and Anatomicall collections. London: printed for Henry Herringman.

Anon. (1745) Psychologie ou Traité sur l'âme [Psychology or Treatise on the Soul]. Amsterdam: chez Pierre Mortier.

Aristotle (1986) De Anima [On the Soul], trans. H. Lawson-Tancred. Harmondsworth , Mx: Penguin.

Bailey, N. (1730) Dictionarium Britannicum, or A more compleat universal etymological English dictionary than any extant. London : printed for T. Cox [pages unnumbered].

Beattie, J. (1790) Elements of Moral Science, 2 vols. Edinburgh: printed for T. Cadell.

Beccaria, C. (1958[1770]) Ricerche intorno alla natura dello stile [Researches on the Nature of Style], in Opere [Works], Vol. 1, ed. S. Romagnoli , 2 vols. Florence: Sansoni.

Becker, C.L. (1955[1932]) The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.

Berlin, I. (1984(1956]) The Age of Enlightenment. New York: New American Library.

Bilfinger, G.B. (1725) Dilucidationes philosophicae [Philosophical Elucidations] (Wolff, Gesammelte Werke, 3.18.

Biller, G. (1983) 'Die Wolff-Diskussion 1800 bis 1982. Eine Bibliographie' [Bibliography of Works on Wolff, 1800-1982], in W. Schneiders (ed.) Christian Wolff, 1679-1754. Interpretationen zu seiner Philosophie und deren Wirkung [Interpretations of his Philosophy and Its Influence]. Hamburg: F. Meiner Verlag.

Bonnet, C. (1783) 'De l'Ordre des Etudes de Philosophie rationnelle' [On the Order of Studies of Rational Philosophy], in Oeuvres d'histoire naturelle et de philosophie [Works of Natural History and of Philosophy]. Vol. 8. Neuchâtel: S. Fauche .

Bonnet, C. (1983[1775]) To A. von Haller, 26 May. Letter 849, in O. Sonntag (ed.) The Correspondence between A. von Haller and C. Bonnet. Berne: H. Huber.

Boring, E.G. (1966) 'A Note on the Origin of the Word Psychology', J.H.B.S. 2: 167.

Brett, G.S. (1921) A History of Psychology. Vol. 2, 'Mediaeval and Early Modern Period'. London: Allen & Unwin.

Brooks, J.L. (1990) 'Problematic Parents: Nineteenth-Century Debates over the Enlightenment Legacy in the Human Sciences', Midwest Eighteenth-Century Studies Conference, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL.

Broughton, J. (1703) Psychologia: or, an Account of the Nature of the Rational Soul.... The first [part], Being an Essay towards establishing the receiv'd Doctrine, of an Immaterial and consequently Immortal Substance, united to Human Body, upon sufficient Grounds of Reason. The second, A vindication of that receiv'd and establish'd Doctrine. London, printed by W. B. for T. Bennet.

Brozek, J. (1973) 'Psychologia of Marcus Marulus (1450-1524). Evidence in Printed Works and Estimated Date of Origin', Episteme 7 (Milan) : 125-31.

Brucker, J. (1742-4) Historia critica philosophiae [Critical History of Philosophy], 4 tomes in 3 vols. Leipzig: B. C. Breitkopf.

Bryson, G. (1945) Man and Society: The Scottish Enquiry of the Eighteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Buickerood, J.G. (1985) 'The Natural History of the Understanding: Locke and the Rise of Facultative Logic in the Eighteenth Century', History and Philosophy of Logic 6: 157-90.

Burton, R. (1972[1641]) The Anatomy of Melancholy, 6th edn [1621]. London: Dent.

Campbell, G. (1776) The Philosophy of Rhetoric. London: printed for W. Strahan.

Campe, J.H. (1810) Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Dictionary of the German Tongue]. Braunschweig: in der Schulbuchhandlung.

Carboncini, S. (1987) 'L'Encyclopédie et C. Wolff. A propos de quelques articles anonymes' [The Encyclopaedia and C. Wolff. On Some Anonymous Articles] , Les études philosophiques 4: 489-504.

Carus, F.A. (1808) Geschichte der Psychologie [History of Psychology], in Nachgelassene Werke [Posthumous Works], Vol. 3. Leipzig: I. A. Barth und P. G. Kummer.

Casmann, O. (1594) Psychologia anthropologica, sive animae humanae doctrina [Pt 1:] Psychologia hominis [Anthropological Psychology, or Doctrine of the Human Soul. Psychology of Man]. Hanover: G. Antonium.

Cassirer, E. (1966[1932]) The Philosophy of the Enlightenment , trans. F. C. A. Koelln and J. P. Pettegrove. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Cassirer, E. (1971[1922]) Das Erkenntnisproblem [The Problem of Knowledge] Vol. 1. Hildesheim : G. Olms.

Chauvin, S. (1967[1713]) Lexicon philosophicum [Philosophical Lexicon], 2nd edn [1692]. Düsseldorf: Stern-Verlag Janssen.

Collison, R. (1964) Encyclopaedias: their history throughout the ages . New York: Hafner.

Condillac, E. B. de (1746) Essai sur l'origine des connoissances humaines [Essay on the Origins of Human Knowledge], in Le Roy (1947-51, Vol. 1.

Condillac, E. B. de (1750) To P. L. M. de Maupertuis, 12 August. Letter IV, in Le Roy (1947-51, Vol. 2.

Condillac, E. B. de (1775) 'Des progrès de l'art de raisonner' [On the Progress of the Art of Reasoning], in Histoire moderne (book XX, ch. 12), Cours d'étude pour l'instruction du Prince de Parme [Course of Study for the Instruction of the Prince of Parma], in Le Roy (1947-51), Vol. 2.

Conti, A. (1739/56) Prose, e poesie [Prose and Poetry], 2 vols. Venice: G. Pasquali.

Couturat, L. , ed. (1966[1903]) Opuscules et fragments inédits de Leibniz [Leibniz's Unpublished Opuscules and Fragments]. Hildesheim: G. Olms.

Crawford, C. (1773) A Dissertation on the Phaedon of Plato.... To which is annexed, A Psychology: or, An Abstract Investigation of the Nature of the Soul; in which the Opinions of all the celebrated Metaphysicians on that Subject are discussed. London: printed for the Author.

Crichton, A. (1798) An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Mental Derangement, 2 vols. London : printed for T. Cadell.

D'Alembert, J. le R. (1751) 'Discours préliminaire des éditeurs' [Preliminary Discourse], in Encyclopédie, Vol. 1.

Des Champs, J. (1743) Cours abrégé de la philosophie wolffienne [Abridged Course of Wolffian Philosophy], Vol. 1 (Wolff, Gesammelte Werke, 3.13.1.

Des Champs, J. (1747a) Cours abrégé [1743]. Vol. 2, Pt 1, Psychologie Expérimentale [Empirical Psychology] (Wolff, Gesammelte Werke, 3.13.2.1.

Des Champs, J. (1747b) Cours abrégé [1743]. Vol. 2, Pt 2, Psychologie Raisonnée [Rational Psychology] (Wolff, Gesammelte Werke, 3.13.2.2.

Dessoir, M. (1964[1902]) Geschichte der neueren deutschen Psychologie [History of Modern German Psychology], 2nd edn. Amsterdam: E. J. Bonset.

Destutt de Tracy, A.L.C. (1798) 'Mémoire sur la faculté de penser' [Memoir on the Faculty of Thought], Mémoires de l'Institut national des sciences et des arts, [Classe des] Sciences morales et politiques 1: 283-450.

Destutt de Tracy, A.L.C. (1818[1805]) Elémens d'idéologie, Pt III, Logique [Elements of Ideology. Logic]. Paris: Courcier.

Diamond, S. (1984) 'What Marulus Meant by "Psychologia"', Storia e critica della psicologia 5: 407-12.

Diderot, D. (1751) 'Explication detaillée du système des connaissances humaines' [Detailed Explanation of the System of Human Knowledge], in Encyclopédie , Vol. 1.

Dionis, P. (1723[1690]) L'Anatomie de l'Homme [The Anatomy of Man]. Paris: L. d'Houry.

Donato, C. (1987) 'Inventory of the "Encyclopédie d'Yverdon": A Comparative Study with Diderot's "Encyclopédie"'. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 3 vols.

Du Pleix, S. (1623) La Physique ou Science des choses naturelles [Physics, or Science of Natural Things], in Corps de philosophie [Course of Philosophy] [1602]. Geneva: Balthasar l'Abbé .

Ecole, J. (1983) [Notes to the facsimile edn of Wolff, 1728].

Ecole, J. (1990) La métaphysique de Christian Wolff [The Metaphysics of Christian Wolff] (Wolff, Gesammelte Werke, 3.12.1 and 2.

Formey, J.H.S. (1753) La Belle Wolfienne. 5, Psychologie expérimentale [The beautiful Wolffian. Empirical psychology] (Wolff, Gesammelte Werke, 3.16.2 .

Fox, C. ( 1987) 'Defining Eighteenth-Century Psychology: Some Problems and Perspectives', in C. Fox (ed.) Psychology and Literature in the Eighteenth Century. New York: AMS Press.

Fox, C. ( 1988) 'Crawford, Willis, and Anthropologie Abstracted: Some Early English Uses of Psychology', J.H.B.S. 24: 378-80.

Gay, P. ( 1969) The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. Vol. 2, The Science of Freedom. New York: W. W. Norton.

Gay, P. , ed. (1973) The Enlightenment. A Comprehensive Anthology. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Genovesi, A. (1751[1743]) Elementa metaphysicae [Elements of Metaphysics], 2, 2nd edn. Naples: typis Benedicti, et I. Gessari.

Genovesi, A. (1779) Disciplinarum metaphysicarum elementa, 3 [Elements of the Metaphysical Disciplines]. Venice: Remondini [editio novissima of Genovesi, 1751].

Genovesi, A. (1790[1766]) La logica per gli giovanetti [Logic for Young People]. Naples: Stamperia Abbaziana.

Genovesi, A. (1791[1766]) Delle scienze metafisiche per gli giovanetti [On the Metaphysical Sciences, for Young People] Naples: Angelo Coda.

Glossographia anglicana nova; or, A dictionary interpreting such hard words of whatever language, as are at present used in the English tongue, 2nd edn. London: printed for D. Brown , 1719 [pages unnumbered].

Goclenius, R. (1590) ΨϒΧΟΔΟΓΙΑ : hoc est, de hominis perfectione, animo, et in primis ortu hujus [Psychology: or on Man's Completion and Mind, and Chiefly on the Mind's Origin]. Marburg: Paul Egenolph.

Gusdorf, G. (1969) La révolution galiléenne, 2 [The Galilean Revolution] . Paris: Payot.

Gusdorf, G. (1973) L'avènement des sciences humaines au stècle des lumières [The Emergence of the Human Sciences in the Enlightenment]. Paris: Payot.

Hartley, D. (1834[1749]) Observations on Man, His Frame, His Duty, and His Expectations, 6th edn. London: printed for T. Tegg and Son.

Hazard, P. (1953[1935]) The European Mind. The Critical Years (1680-1715, trans. J. Lewis May. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Hubert, R. (1970[1923]) Les sciences sociales dans l'Encyclopédie [The Social Sciences in the Encyclopaedia]. Geneva: Slatkine.

Hume, D. (1978[1739-40]) A Treatise of Human Nature , ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge , revised P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Jahnke, J. (1990) 'Psychologie im 18. Jahrhundert. Literaturbericht 1980 bis 1989' [Psychology in the 18th Century. Review of the Literature, 1980-89], Das achtzehnte Jahrhundert 14: 253-78.

Jansen, B. (1951) 'Die scholastische Psychologie vom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert' [Scholastic Psychology from the 16th to the 18th Century], Scholastik 26: 342-63.

Kafker, F. A. , ed. (1981) 'Notable Encyclopaedias of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries', S.V. 194.

Kristić, K. (1964) 'Marko Marulić — the author of the term "psychology"', Acta institutii psychologicu Universitatis Zagrebiensis 36: 7-13.

Lacretelle, P.L. (1786-91) Encyclopédie méthodique. Logique et métaphysique [Methodical Encyclopaedia. Logic and Metaphysics], 4 vols. Paris: Panckoucke.

Laehr, H. (1900) Die Literatur der Psychiatrie, Neurologie und Psychologie von 1459-1799 [The Literature of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, 1459-1799], 4 vols. Berlin: G. Reimer.

La Mettrie, J.O. de (s.d.) Abrégé des systèmes, pour faciliter l'intelligence du Traité de l'Ame [Summary of Systems, to Facilitate the Understanding of the Treatise of the Soul], in Oeuvres philosophiques (1774), [Philosophical Works] Vol. 1, 2 vols in one. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1970.

Lapointe, F.H. (1970) 'Origin and Evolution of the Term "Psychology"' , American Psychologist 25: 640-6.

Lapointe, F.H. (1972) 'Who Originated the Term "Psychology"?', J.H.B.S. 8: 328-35.

Leibniz, G.W. (1885[1718]) 'Principes de la Nature et de la Grâce, fondés en raison' [Principles of Nature and Grace, Grounded on Reason], in C. I. Gerhardt (ed.) Die philosophischen Schriften von G. W. Leibniz [The Philosophical Writings of G. W. Leibniz]. Vol. 6. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.

Le Roy, G. , ed. (1947-51) Oeuvres philosophiques de Condillac [Philosophical Works of Condillac] [follows the 1798 edn], 3 vols. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Locke, J. (1988[1690]) An Essay Concerning Human Understanding , ed. P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Locke, J. (1989[1703]) To A. Collins, 30 June. Letter 3318, in E. W. de Beer (ed.) The Correspondence of John Locke. Vol. 8. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Lossius, J.C. (1803-6) Neues philosophisches allgemeines Real-Lexicon [New General Philosophical Analytical Lexicon], 4 vols. Erfurt: J. E. C. Rudolphi .

Marcu, E. (1953) 'Un encyclopédiste oublié: Formey' [A Forgotten Encyclopédiste: Formey], Revue d'histoire littéraire de la France 53: 298-305.

Massimi, M. (1983) 'Marcus Marulus, i suoi maestri e la "Psychologia de ratione animae humanae"' [Marcus Marulus, his Teachers and the 'Psychologia'] , Storia e critica della psicologia 4: 27-41.

Micraelius, J. (1966[1662]) Lexicon philosophicum [Philosophical Lexicon]. Düsseldorf: Stern-Verlag Janssen.

Moravia, S. (1974) Il pensiero degli idéologues. Saenza e filosofia in Francia (1780-1815) [The Thought of the Idéologues. Science and Philosophy in France, 1780-1815]. Florence: La Nuova Italia.

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Porter, R. (1992) 'Psychology', in J. W. Yolton et al. (eds) The Blackwell Companion to the Enlightenment. Oxford, UK/Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Porter, R. and Teich, M. , eds (1981) The Enlightenment in National Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Rousseau, G.S. (1980) 'Psychology', in G. S. Rousseau and Roy Porter (eds) The Ferment of Knowledge. Studies in the Historiography of Eighteenth-Century Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Scheerer, E. (1989) 'Psychologie' [Psychology], in J. Ritter and K. Gründer (eds) Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie [Historical Dictionary of Philosophy]. Vol. 7. Basel: Schwabe.

Schmitt, C. B. , Skinner, Q. , Kessler, E. and Kraye, J. , eds (1988) The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Schüling, H. (1967) Bibliographie der Psychologischen Literatur des 16. Jahrhunderts [Bibliography of the Psychological Literature of the 16th Century]. Hildesheim: G. Olms.

Scola, G. (1962[1781 ]) 'Lettere ai seguaci del sistema sintetico' [Letters to the Followers of the Synthetic System], Giornale enciclopedico [Encyclopaedic Journal], in M. Berengo (ed.) Giornali veneziani del Settecento [Venetian Journals of the 18th Century]. Milan: Feltrinelli.

Smith, R. (1988) 'Does the History of Psychology have a Subject ?', History of the Human Sciences 1: 147-69.

Starobinski, J. (1980) 'Panorama succint des sciences psychologiques entre 1575 et 1625' [Overview of the Psychological Sciences, 1575-1625], Gesnerus 37: 3-16.

Stattler, B. (1770) Philosophia methodo scientiis propria explanata, Pars IV, Psychologia [Philosophy Explained by the Method Proper to the Sciences. Psychology]. Augsburg: M. Rieger .

Storchenau, S. (1820) Institutiones metaphysicae, Liber III [Psychologia] [Institutes of Metaphysics. Psychology] [1772, numerous edns]. Venice: J. Molinari.

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Thomann, M. (1968) 'Influence du philosophe allemand C. Wolff (1679-1754) sur l'Encyclopédie et la pensée politique et juridique du XVIIIc siècle français' [Influence of the German Philosopher C. Wolff on the Encyclopaedia and on the Political and Juridical Thought of the French 18th Century], Archives de philosophie du droit 13 : 233-48.

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Vande Kemp, H. (1983) 'A Note on the Term "Psychology" in English Titles: Predecessors of Rauch', J.H.B.S. 19: 185.

Voltaire, F.-M.A. de (1954[1775]) 'Les oreilles du comte de Chesterfield' [The Earl of Chesterfield's Ears], in Romans et contes [Novels and Tales]. Paris: Gallimard.

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Walser, H. (1790-1) Institutiones philosophicae. Liber I, Logica (1790a); Liber II, Metaphysica (1790b); Liber III, Psychologia (1791) [Philosophical Institutes. Logic. Metaphysics. Psychology]. Augsburg: M. Rieger.

Willis, T. (1683) Two Discourses concerning the Soul of Brutes, trans. S. Pordage. Gainsville, FL: Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints, 1971.

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Wolff, C. (1728) Preliminary Discourse on Philosophy in General , trans. R. J. Blackwell. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1963. G. W., 2.1.1.

Wolff, C. (1732) Psychologia empirica [Empirical Psychology]. G.W., 2.5; 1738.

Wolff, C. (1734) Psychologia rationalis [Rational Psychology]. G.W., 2.6; 1740.

Wolff, C. (1750) Philosophia moralis sive Ethica, 1 [Moral Philosophy, or Ethics]. G. W. 2.12.

Wundt, W. (1910[1902]) Principles of Physiological Psychology, trans. E. B. Titchener, 5th edn. New York: Macmillan.

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