Metal-organic framework-derived 2D materials: Advances and commercial prospects for chemiresistive gas sensing

Abstract

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) have emerged as a highly promising class of materials for gas sensing applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high surface area, tunable porosity, and structural versatility. This review focuses specifically on MOF-derived 2D materials (as distinct from broadly-defined MOF-based sensors) and systematically examines (i) synthetic strategies that yield 2D morphologies and MOF-derived oxides, (ii) structure–property relationships governing sensitivity and selectivity, (iii) device integration approaches and transduction mechanisms, and (iv) pathways to scale-up and commercialization. To enable a clear and consistent comparison across the literature, key performance metrics (limit of detection, response/recovery time, operating temperature, power consumption, stability, and reproducibility) will be compiled and presented in a normalized framework. These characteristics make them particularly suitable for detecting hazardous and volatile gases at low concentrations. With the alarming rise in air pollutants and environmental contaminants, there is a growing urgency to develop next-generation gas sensors that are more sensitive, selective, energy-efficient, and capable of operating under ambient conditions. Recent advances in the design, synthesis, and functionalization of 2D MOFs have opened new avenues for achieving enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in gas detection systems. By combining critical analysis, quantitative benchmarking, and a focus on commercialization, this review provides a distinctive and timely perspective that complements existing surveys and aims to guide both fundamental research and industrial application in gas sensing.