The author examines a number of schemes and programmes that promote technology transfer and industrial R&D through university—industry linkages. He identifies the creation of receptor capacities, the establishment of networks of technology transfer and the adoption of appropriate science and technology policies as key elements in the success of such linkages.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Annual Review, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, Vancouver, 1992; Report on the Inventory of Canadian University Linkages with Mexico and the United States, Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ottawa, 1993; Cue: Canadian University International Exchange Agreements Database, Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ottawa, 1993; Cupid: Canadian University Projects in International Development Database, Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada, Ottawa, 1993; DoutriauxJ.BarkerM., The University/Industry Relationships in Science and Technology, Industry Canada, Ottawa, 1995; Pacific Economic Outlook pp. 1992–1993, Pacific Cooperation Council, Washington, DC, 1992; North American Higher Education Cooperation: Implementing the Agenda, Report on the International Symposium on Higher Education and Strategic Partnerships, Worldstat International Inc, Vancouver, 1993.
2.
Cue: Canadian University International Exchange Agreements Database, Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ottawa, 1993; Cupid: Canadian University Projects in International Development Database, Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ottawa, 1993.
3.
Doutriaux and Barker, Op cit, Ref 1; EUNET, European Commission, Brussels, 1995; LeonardR.WainwrightC.E.R., ‘Case studies of effective technology transfer within a total technology doctoral programme’, Proceedings of the 1994 Conference on Technology Transfer and Innovation, London, Vol 1, 1994, pp 174–179; TsujiM., ‘Co-op program paying high dividends: Canadian students, Japanese firms alike reap benefits of innovative venture’, Japan Times, 22 July 1995.
4.
SzaboM.E.‘Concurrent cooperative education: novel opportunities for postgraduate university—industry collaboration in Canada’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 9, No 1, February 1995, pp 18–24.
5.
BeveridgeG.S.G.BlairD.M., ‘Knowledge transfer from a university: its impact on regional economic development’, Proceedings of the 1994 Conference on Technology Transfer and Innovation, London, Vol 2, 1994, pp 33–38; DaviesP.T., ‘Innovation gateways for SMEs: finding the formula for successful interaction between universities and small and medium-size firms’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 9, No 1, 1995, pp 36–38; Doutriaux and Barker, Op cit, Ref 1; GreenJ.A.S.BrubackerJ.GoldheimD., ‘Strategic partnering aids technology transfer’, Research Technology Management, Vol 34, No 4, pp 26–31; SmithH. LawtonAtkinsonM., ‘Industry—academic links and local development’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 6, No 3, 1992, pp 151–160; Leonard and Wainwright, Op cit, Ref 3; Szabo, Op cit, Ref 4.
6.
AoshimaYasuyuki, ‘UNESCO's University—Industry—Science Partnership Programme (UNISPAR)’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 8, No 31994, pp 182–184; Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, Op cit, Ref 1; BellS.SadlakJ., ‘Technology transfer in Canada: research parks and centres of excellence’, Higher Education Management, Vol 4, No 2, 1992, pp 227–244; ConroyC.M.TaylorW.A., ‘A small firm's approach to process innovation’, Proceedings of the 1994 Conference on Technology Transfer and Innovation, London, Vol 1, 1994, pp 406–411; Doutriaux and Barker, Op cit, Ref 1; Green, op cit, Ref 5; Leonard and Wainwright, Op cit, Ref 3; MullenJ., Breaking Through Together: Prospects for Canada-Latin America Partnerships in Science and Technology, Canadian Foundation for the Americas, Ottawa, 1995; SelfA.W.CatherH., ‘Re-engineering the company through Teaching Company Schemes to optimize technology transfer’, Proceedings of the 1994 Conference on Technology Transfer and Innovation, London, Vol 2, 1994, pp 143–148; SenkerP.SenkerJ., ‘The Teaching Company Scheme: transferring technology and expertise from universities to industry’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 9, No 1, 1995, pp 52–55; Annual Report, Teaching Company Directorate, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, 1994; WaldenJ., ‘Networks of Centres of Excellence Canada — a novel concept, but is it working?’, Ottawa, 1992; Worldstat International Inc, Op cit, Ref 1.
7.
Program for North American Mobility in Higher Education, Human Resources Development Canada, Ottawa, 1995; Mullen, Op cit, Ref 6; Self and Cather, Op cit, Ref 6; Tsuji, Op cit, Ref 3; Worldstat International, Op cit, Ref 1.
8.
Doutriaux and Barker, Op cit, Ref 1; European Commission, Op cit, Ref 3; Human Resources Development Canada, Op cit, Ref 7; Mullen, Op cit, Ref 6; Worldstat International, Op cit, Ref 1.
9.
Beveridge and Blair, Op cit, Ref 5; Conroy and Taylor, Op cit, Ref 6; Davies, Op cit, Ref 5; Leonard and Wainwright, Op cit, Ref 3; Self and Cather, Op cit, Ref 6; Senker and Senker, Op cit, Ref 6; Szabo, Op cit, Ref 4; Teaching Company Directorate, Op cit, Ref 6. See also the collection of articles under the heading ‘Collaboration between HEIs and SMEs', Industry and Higher Education, Vol 10, No 21996, pp 103–136.
10.
European Commission, Op cit, Ref 3.
11.
Ibid.
12.
HuggettSusan A., ‘Work placement in Japan: the Canadian Co-op Japan model’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 8, No 2, June 1994, pp 85–89; HuggettSusan A., Building Science and Technology Links with Japan: The Co-op Japan Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, 1995; Tsuji, Op cit, Ref 3.
13.
Tsuji, Op cit, Ref 12.
14.
Ibid.
15.
Aoshima, Op cit, Ref 6.
16.
Ibid.
17.
MingWang Xing, ‘Technology transfer and innovation in China’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 9, No 1, 1995.
18.
KraemerK.L.DedrickJ., ‘From nationalism to pragmatism: IT policy in China’, Computer, Vol 28, No 81995, pp 64–73.
19.
Ibid.
20.
Estivill-CastroV., ‘Computer science research in Mexico’, Computer, Vol 29, No 81995, pp 56–62.
21.
Ibid.
22.
MaddoxJ.GeeH., ‘Mexico's bid to join the world’, Nature, Vol 368, 28 April 1994, pp 789–804.
23.
SzaboM.E., Graduate Student Success, Harcourt Brace, Toronto, 1995; SzaboM.E., ‘On the tensions between global organizational values and local cultures: reflections on the role of higher education in the global economy’, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Work and Organizational Values, Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia, 1992, pp 56–65.
24.
Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada, Op cit, Ref 2; Bell and Sadlak, Op cit, Ref 6; Beveridge and Blair, Op cit, Ref 5; Davies, Op cit, Ref 5; Lawton Smith and Atkinson, Op cit, Ref 5.
25.
Networks of Centres of Excellence: Annual Report 1994, Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, 1995; Bell and Sadlak, Op cit, Ref 6; Walden, Op cit, Ref 6.
26.
Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, Op cit, Ref 25.
27.
Walden, Op cit, Ref 6.
28.
Teaching Company Directorate, Op cit, Ref 6.
29.
Szabo, Op cit, Ref 23.
30.
Healthy, Wealthy and Wise: A Framework for an Integrated Federal Science and Technology Strategy, National Advisory Board on Science and Technology, Ottawa, 1995.
