The paper examines the process by which men and women finish formal employment. It presents evidence that straightforward retirement is the experience of a diminishing proportion of the population, and explores the implications both for our image of the life-cycle and for social policy.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bakke, E.W. (1933) The Unemployed Man, London: Nisbet .
2.
Bytheway, W. (1979) `Ageing and sociological studies of the family', in G. Doogle and J. Helander (eds.) Family Life in Old Age, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff .
3.
Coleman, A. (1983) Preparation for Retirement in England and Wales, London: National Institute of Adult Education .
4.
Dex, S. (1985) The Sexual Division of Labour, London: Allen and Unwin .
5.
Evans-Pritchard, E. (1940) The Nuer, Oxford: Clarendon Press .
6.
Finch, J. (1986) `Age', in R. Burgess (ed.) Key Variables in Social Investigation, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul .
7.
Fogarty, M. (1975) 40 to 60: How We Waste the Middle-Aged, London: Centre for Studies in Social Policy .
8.
Gallie, D. (1985) `Directions for the future', in B. Roberts , R. Finnegan and D. Gallie (eds.) New Approaches to Economic Life, Manchester: Manchester University Press .
9.
Gaullier, X. and Gognalons-Nicolet, M. (1983) Crise Economique et Mutations Sociales, Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique .
10.
Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society, Oxford: Polity Press .
11.
Glaser, B. and Strauss, A. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson .
12.
Jahoda, M. , Lazarsfeld, P. and Zeisel, H. (1972) Marienthal: The Sociography of an Unemployed Community, London: Tavistock .
13.
Laczko, F. and Walker, A. (1985) `Excluding older workers from the labour market: early retirement policies in Britain, France and Sweden', in M. Brenton and C. Jones (eds.) Yearbook of Social Policy in Britain 1984-5, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul .
14.
Laye, C. (1959) The African Child, London: Fontana .
15.
Makeham, P. and Morgan, S. (1980) Evaluation of the Job Release Scheme, Research Paper 13, London: Department of Employment .
16.
Midwinter, E. (1982) Age is Opportunity, London: Centre for Policy on Ageing .
17.
Morris, L. (1985) `Renegotiation of the domestic division of labour in the context of male redundancy', in B. Roberts , R. Finnegan and D. Gallie (eds.) New Approaches to Economic Life, Manchester: Manchester University Press .
18.
Pahl, R.E. (1984) Divisions of Labour, Oxford: Blackwells .
19.
Parkes, C.M. (1971) `Psycho-social Transitions: A Field for Study' , Social Science and Medicine, 5, 2.
20.
Phillipson, C. (1983) Capitalism and the Construction of Old Age, London: Macmillan .
21.
Piachaud, D. (1986) `Disability, retirement and unemployment of older men' , Journal of Social Policy, 15 (Part II), 145-162 .
22.
Roberts, C. (1985) `Research on women in the labour market: the context and scope of the Women and Employment Survey', in B. Roberts , R. Finnegan and D. Gallie (eds.) New Approaches to Economic Life, Manchester: Manchester University Press .
23.
Schuller, T. (1986) Age, Capital and Democracy: Member Participation in the Management of Pension Schemes, Aldershot: Gower Press .
24.
Sheehy, G. (1976) Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life, New York: Dutton .
25.
Vadaam, C. (1983) Rethinking Transition: Education Innovation and the Transition to Adult Life, Brighton: Falmer Press .
26.
White, M. (1983) Long-Term Unemployed and Labour Markets, London: Policy Studies Institute .
27.
Willis, P. (1977) Learning to Labour, Farnborough: Saxon House .
