This study investigates the growing volume of online discussion of Goguryeo history in both China and South Korea. While first analysing how nationalism and national identity underpin this historical dispute, this article then critiques common arguments that emerge within online Chinese and South Korean commentary on Goguryeo. The findings of this study show that while the Internet has facilitated a broadening of participation in the discussion of Goguryeo, this has not led to a more objective or rigorous treatment of this history, nor a more critical evaluation of its relationship to national identity. This study’s findings also indicate that national identity is neither static nor monolithic, and that online discussion of Goguryeo history is part of a dynamic process contributing to the gradual change and evolution of national identity in both countries.
Anderson, Benedict ( 2006) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
2.
Barmé, Geremie ( 1993) History for the masses. In: Unger, Jonathan (ed.) Using the Past to Serve the Present: Historiography and Politics in Contemporary China. Armonk : M.E. Sharpe, 260-87.
3.
Bukhan ui Goguryeosa insik gwa Jungguk ui Dongbuk Gongjeong (North Korea’s Perception of Goguryeo History and China’s North-East Project) (2009) http://blog.joins.com/media/folderListSlide.asp?uid=lyk3390&folder=28&list_id=9247936, accessed 28 February.
4.
Callahan, William A. ( 2004) Contingent States - Greater China and Transnational Relations . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
5.
Chang, Maria Hsia ( 2001) Return of the Dragon: China’s Wounded Nationalism . Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Damul Net sogae (Introduction to Damul Net) (2010) http://www.damool.net/damoolnet/intro.asp, accessed 12 January.
8.
Dongbei Gongcheng jianjie (An introduction to the North-East Project) ( 2009) http://chinaborderland.cass.cn/show_News.asp?id=1787 , accessed 12 October.
9.
Dongbuk Gongjeong e madseo yeoksa reul suho haja. Daehan ui nurikkundul i yeo! (Let’s face the North-East Project and defend history - Korean netizens!) ( 2009) http://www.cyworld.com/aviento2/2388728, accessed 11 March.
10.
Duara, Prasenjit ( 1995) Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11.
Duara, Prasenjit ( 2006) Nationalism in East Asia. History Compass4(3): 407-27.
12.
Em, Henry H. ( 1999) Nationalism, post-nationalism and Shin Ch’ae-ho . Korea Journal39(2): 283-317.
Gladney, Dru C. ( 2004) Dislocating China: Reflections on Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects. London: Hurst and Company.
15.
Goguryeoneun Hanguk ddang? Jungguk ddang? (Is Goguryeo Korean land or Chinese land?) (2009) http://kin.naver.com/detail/detail.php?d1id=11&dir_id=110101&eid=YljuXkfcId9I1YARXjzeR/UXK3uqNz+k&qb=s02xuLfBIMHfsbk=, accessed 16 February.
16.
Goma, Daniel ( 2006) The Chinese-Korean border issue: An analysis of a contested frontier. Asian Survey46(6): 867-80.
17.
Guo, Yingjie and He, Baoguang ( 1999) Reimagining the Chinese nation: The ‘Zeng Guofan phenomenon’. Modern China25(2): 142-70.
18.
Hanguk gwa Jungguk gan ui Goguryeosa nonjaeng ui maengjeomeul haebu handa (Analysing some of the blind spots in the Goguryeo history dispute between Korea and China) (2009) http://kr.blog.yahoo.com/han1592/969522, accessed 23 February.
19.
Hanguo rebo dianshiju waiqu Gaogouli shishi cheng zhendui Zhongguo wuqi (Popular Korean historical drama distorts Goguryeo history, becomes a weapon directed against China) (2009) Sohu News, 26 April 2007. http://news.sohu.com/20070426/n249696271.shtml , accessed 7 November.
20.
Hanguo you yao qiang womende zhongyi le (Now Korea wants to steal our Chinese medicine) (2009) http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/1408100805634.html , accessed 18 February.
21.
Hays Gries, Peter ( 2007) Narratives to live by: The century of humiliation and Chinese national identity today. In: Jensen, Lionel M. and Weston, Timothy B. (eds) China’s Transformations: The Stories beyond the Headlines. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 112-28.
Junggukeun wae Goguryeoreul jagideul nararo injeong mot haeseo andallijyo? (Isn’t it annoying that China can’t admit Goguryeo is our land?) (2009) http://ask.nate.com/qna/view.html?n=3864609, accessed 3 March.
24.
Jungguk ui Goguryeo jibang jeongbu nolli e daehaeseo (Regarding China’s logic of treating Goguryeo as a local regime) (2009) http://blog.daum.net/rwprtigh/4244104, accessed 13 February.
25.
Jungguk ui Goguryeosa waegok Dongbuk Gongjeong ui baegyeong gwa daeeung mit naeyong (China’s distortion of Goguryeo history and background to the North-East Project: Content and countermeasures) (2009) http://blog.daum.net/yoonsy2kr/5651796, accessed 13 February.
26.
Jungguk ui Goguryeosa waegok ui sumeun uidoneun mueosin ga? (What is China’s hidden intention behind its distortion of Goguryeo history?) ( 2009) http://blog.daum.net/kokkili/7002718, accessed 13 February.
27.
Jungguk ui Goguryeo yeoksa waegoke naseon iyu (The reasons for China’s distortion of Goguryeo history) (2009) http://blog.daum.net/gangseo/17953697 , accessed 2 March.
28.
Kankan Zhongguo waiqu de Gaogouli lishi (Look at China’s distorted history of Goguryeo) (2009) http://gaojulilishi.blog.sohu.com/33332738.html , accessed 17 March.
29.
Keguan er zhenshi de Hanguo (The real and objective Korea) (2009) http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/1308050204627.html, accessed 17 February.
30.
Lee, Hee-Ok ( 2006) China’s Northeast Asia Project: Political background and implications. East Asian Review18(4): 82-100.
31.
Mohan, Panjak N. ( 2006) China’s nationalist historiography of the ‘Northeast Project’ and the Australian response to its challenge. Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies3(1): 27-46.
32.
Nelson, Sarah M. ( 2006) Archaeology in the two Koreas. In: Stark, Miriam T. (ed.) Archaeology of Asia. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 37-54.
33.
Pai, Hyung Il ( 2000) Constructing ‘Korean’ Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology, Historiography and Racial Myth in Korean State-Formation Theories. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
34.
Park, Chan-Seung ( 1999) Should Korean historians abandon nationalism? Korea Journal39(2): 318-42.
35.
Powers, John ( 2004) History as Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles Versus the People’s Republic of China. New York: Oxford University Press.
36.
Pye, Lucian W. ( 1996) How China’s nationalism was shanghaied. In: Unger, Jonathan (ed.) Chinese Nationalism. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe , 86-112.
37.
Qishi Gaogouli he Gaoli shi liangge gainian (In fact Goguryeo and Goryeo are two distinct concepts) (2009) http://hi.baidu.com/reylyn/blog/item/7def48f4d81ec8d8f3d385dd.html/cmtid/c8a270a9cf4cc5f41f17a23e, accessed 9 February.
38.
Roehrig, Terence ( 2008) History as a strategic weapon: The Korean and Chinese struggle over Koguryo. In: Yang, SeungHam, Choi, Yeon Sik and Choi, Jong Kun (eds) Korean Studies in the World: Democracy, Peace, Prosperity and Culture. Seoul : Jimoondang, 89-120.
39.
Said, Edward W. ( 1979) Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
40.
Schmid, Andre ( 1997) Rediscovering Manchuria: Sin Ch’aeho and the politics of territorial history in Korea. Journal of Asian Studies56(1): 26-46.
41.
Schmid, Andre ( 2000) Looking north toward Manchuria. South Atlantic Quarterly99(1): 219-40.
42.
Seo, Jungmin ( 2008) The politics of historiography in China: Contextualizing the Koguryo controversy. Asian Perspective32(3): 39-58.
43.
Spencer, Philip and Wollman, Howard ( 2002) Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. London: Sage Publications.
Townsend, James ( 1996) Chinese nationalism. In: Unger, Jonathan (ed.) Chinese Nationalism. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1-30.
46.
Wei lishi zhengming: Gaogouli yu Gaoli de qubie. Gaoli he chaoxian Hanguo de guanxi (Establishing history: The difference between Goguryeo and Goryeo and the relationship between Goryeo and Korea) (2009) http://liuyt1113.blog.163.com/blog/static/325205532008975343994/, accessed 9 March.
47.
Yanbian gongtou ruhan naoju shimo - Hanguo dengdai lishi jihui fenlie Zhongguo (The real story behind the farcical Yanbian plebiscite to merge with Korea - Korea will wait for a historic opportunity to split China) (2009) http://mary19830409.blog.sohu.com/109011056.html, accessed 20 February.
48.
Yeoksa sokkeuro sarabeorin uri Goguryeo tang (Our Goguryeo land vanishing into history) (2009) http://blog.daum.net/dn5049/14583123 , accessed 11 February.
