Perceived Stressors and Coping Strategies among Heart Transplant Candidates

Abstract

This study examined heart transplant candidates' perceived stressors and coping strategies at the time of placement on the waiting list and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following. Mean stress scores were relatively low at each assessment time. The 4 greatest stressors were (1) having a terminal disease, (2) needing a heart transplant, (3) worrying family members, and (4) undergoing prolonged hospitalization. Total stress scores were significantly higher at 3 months after listing than at 6 months. Mean coping scores indicated that candidates were effectively using a moderate number of coping strategies, the 5 most frequently used ones being thinking positively, trying to keep life normal, keeping a sense of humor, praying or trusting in God, and trying to distract oneself. The 5 most effective coping mechanisms were thinking positively, keeping a sense of humor, thinking of good things, praying or trusting in God, and trying to keep life normal. No significant differences were seen in coping use or effectiveness over time.