By using tested approaches to identifying the universe of local or
regional populations of nonprofit organizations, researchers and pol
icymakers can begin to study a variety of factors affecting voluntary
organizations more effectively.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aldrich, Howard. (1979). Organizations and Environments. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
2.
Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs. (1977a). Giving in America. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Treasury.
3.
Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs. (1977b). Research Papers. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Treasury.
4.
DiMaggio, Paul J., & Powell, Walter W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields . American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
5.
Douglas, James. (1987). Political Theories of Nonprofit Organization. In Walter W. Powell (Ed.), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
6.
Duncan, Otis Dudley. (1984). Notes on Social Measurement: Historical and Critical . New York: Russell Sage Foundation .
7.
Freeman, John, Carroll, Glenn R., & Hannan, Michael T. (1983). The Liability of Newness: Age Dependency in Organizational Death Rates. American Sociological Review, 48, 692-710.
8.
Galaskiewicz, Joseph. (1985). Social Organization of an Urban Grants Economy: A Study of Business Philanthropy and Nonprofit Organization. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
9.
Gronbjerg, Kirsten A. (1986). Hardship and Support Systems in Chicago: Vol. 1. Responding to Community Needs: The Missions and Programs of Chicago Nonprofit Organizations. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
10.
Gronbjerg, Kirsten A. (in press). Communities and Nonprofit Organizations: Interlocking Ecological Systems. In Dan A. Chekki (Ed.), Contemporary Community. New York: Garland.
11.
Gronbjerg, Kirsten A., Kimmich, Madeleine H., & Salamon, Lester M. (1985). The Chicago Nonprofit Sector in a Time of Government Retrenchment. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
12.
Hannan, Michael T, & Freeman, John. (1977). The Population Ecology of Organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 929-964.
13.
Hannan, Michael T., & Freeman, John. (1984). Structural Inertia and Organizational Change. American Sociological Review, 49, 149-164.
14.
Hansman, Henry. (1980). The Role of Nonprofit Enterprise. Yale Law Journal, 89, 835-901.
15.
Hansman, Henry. (1987). Economic Theories of Nonprofit Organization. In Walter W. Powell (Ed.), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
16.
Independent Sector. (1986). Research in Progress: 1984-85. Washington, DC: Author.
17.
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. (1979). Measurement of Organizational Effectiveness, Productivity, Performance, and Success: Issues and Dilemmas in Service and Nonprofit Organizations. Working Paper No. 8. New Haven, CT: Yale University Program on Nonprofit Organizations.
18.
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, & Summers, David V. (1987). Doing Well While Doing Good: Dilemmas of Performance in Nonprofit Organizations and the Need for a Multiple-Constituency Approach. In Walter W. Powell (Ed.), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
19.
McPherson, J. Miller. (1982). Hypernetwork Sampling: Duality and Differentiation Among Voluntary Organizations. Social Network, 3, 225-250.
20.
McPherson, J. Miller, & Smith-Lovin, Lynn. (1986). Sex Segregation in Voluntary Associations. American Sociological Review, 51, 61-79.
21.
Meyer, John W., & Scott, W. Richard (Eds.). (1983). Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
22.
National Center for Charitable Statistics. (1987). National Taxonomy for Exempt Entities: A System for Classifying Nongovernmental, Nonbusiness Tax-Exempt Organizations in the U.S. with a Focus on IRS Section 501(c)(3) Philanthropic OrganizationsWashington, DC: Independent Sector.
23.
Olson, Mancur. (1971). The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
24.
Parsons, Talcott. (1960). Structure and Process in Modern Societies. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
25.
Perrow, Charles. (1961). The Analysis of Goals in Complex Organizations . American Sociological Review, 26, 854-866.
26.
Powell, Walter W. (Ed.). (1987). The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press.
27.
Rothschild-Whitt, Joyce. (1979). The Collectivist Organization: An Alternative to Rational-Bureaucratic Models. American Sociological Review , 44, 509-527.
28.
Rushing, William A. (1976). Profit and Nonprofit Orientations and the Differentiations-Coordination Hypothesis for Organizations: A Study of Small General Hospitals. American Sociological Review, 41, 676-691.
29.
Scott, W. Richard, & Lammers, John C. (1985). Trends in Organizations and Occupations in the Mental Health and Medical Care Sectors. Medical Care Review, 42, 37-76.
30.
Selby, Cecil Cannan. (1978). Better Performance from "Nonprofits." Harvard Business Review, 56, 92-98.
31.
Stinchcomb, Arthur L. (1965). Social Structure and Organizations. In James G. March (Ed.), Handbook of Organizations . Chicago: Rand McNally.
32.
Sumariwalla, Russy D. (1986). Toward a National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities. In Working PapersWashington, DC: Independent Sector.
33.
U.S. Department of the Treasury. (1979). Cumulative List of Organizations. Washington, DC: Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service.
34.
United Way of Metropolitan Chicago. (1982). 1982 Metropolitan Chicago Human Service Directory. Chicago : Author.
35.
Weisbrod, Burton. (1974). Toward a Theory of the Voluntary Nonprofit Sector in a Three-Sector Economy. In Edmund S. Phelps (Ed.), Altruism, Morality, and Economic Theory. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
36.
Weisbrod, Burton. (1977). The Voluntary Nonprofit Sector. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
