Participatory Research: a Comparative Analysis of Two Approaches

Belamide, E. 1980 " Participatory Research Among Farmer-Settlers in Southern Philippines." Pp. 1-7 in H. Callaway (ed.), Participation in Research: Case-Studies of Participatory Research in Adult Education. Amersfoort, The Netherlands: Studiecentrum NCVO.

Christenson, J.A. 1980 "Three Themes of Community Development." Pp. 38-47 in J.A. Christenson and J.W. Robinson (eds.), Community Development in America. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.

Commonwealth Secretariat 1980 Participation, Learning and Change. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.

Conchelos, G. and Y. Kassam 1981 "A Brief Review of Critical Opinions and Responses on Issues Facing Participatory Research." Convergence. 14(3): 52-64.

Edwards, A.D. and D.G. Jones 1976 Community and Community Development. The Hague: Mouton.

Etherton, M. 1981 "Peasants and Intellectuals: An Essay Review." Convergence. 14(4): 17-28.

Fay, B. 1977 "How People Change Themselves: The Relationship Between Critical Theory and Its Audience." Pp. 200-269 in T. Ball (ed.), Political Theory and Praxis: New Perspectives . Minneapolis: Univerity of Minneapolis Press.

Fear, F.A. , K.A. Carter , and M. Thullen 1981 "Participatory Research in Community Development: Background, Principles, Examples, and Issues." Paper presented at the 1981 annual meeting of the Community Development Society.

Fernandes, W. 1981 "Nature of People's Participation in Development: Role of Voluntary Organizations." Pp. 35-63 in W. Fernandes and R. Tandon (eds.), Participatory Research and Evaluation: Experiments in Research as a Process of Liberation . New Delhi: Indian Social Institute .

Fortmann, L. 1980 Peasants, Officials and Participation in Rural Tanzania: Experience with Villagization and Decentralization. Special Series on Rural Local Organization. Ithaca: Cornell University; Rural Development Committee.

Freire, P. 1972 Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder and Herder.

1973 Education for Critical Consciousness. New York: The Seabury Press.

Gaventa, J. , and B.D. Horton 1981 "A Citizens' Research Project in Appalachia, USA." Convergence. 14(3): 30-42.

Hall, B.L. 1975 "Participatory Research: An Approach for Change." Convergence. 13(2): 24-32.

1978 "Breaking the Monopoly of Knowledge: Research Methods, Participation and Development." Pp. 155-168 in B.L. Hall and J.R. Kidd (eds.), Adult Learning: A Design for Action, Oxford: Pergamon Press.

1979 "Knowledge as a Commodity and Participatory Research." Prospects. 9(4).

1981 "Popular Knowledge and Power: A Personal Reflection." Convergence. 14(3): 6-19.

Hinzen, H. , and V.H. Hundsdorfer , eds. 1979 Education for Liberation and Development: The Tanzanian Experience. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education; and London: Evans Brothers Limited.

Littrell, D.W. 1980 "The Self-Help Approach." Pp. 64-72 in J.A. Christenson and J.W. Robinson (eds.), Community Development in America. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.

Rothman, J. 1974 "Three Models of Community Organization Practice." Pp. 22-39 in F.M. Cox et al. Strategies of Community Organization Practice. Itasca, Illinois: F.E. Peacock.

Stanley, J. with A. Lundeen 1978 The Audio Cassette Listening Forums: A Participatory Women's Development Project. Washington, D.C. U.S Agency for International Development; and Office of Women in Development .

Tandon, R. 1981a "Participatory Evaluation and Research: Main Concepts and Issues." Pp. 15-34 in W. Fernandes and R. Tandon (eds.), Participatory Research and Evaluation: Experiments in Research as a Process of Liberation. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute.

1981b "Participatory Research in the Empowerment of Convergence . 14(3): 20-29.

Vio Grossi, F. 1981 "Socio-Political Implications of Participatory Research ." Convergence. 14(2): 43-51.

Voth, D.E. 1979 " Social Action Research in Community Development." Pp. 67-81 in E.J. Blakely (ed.), Community Development Research: Concepts, Issues and Strategies. New York: Human Sciences Press.

Wybo, M.D. 1982 "Research Utilization in Community Development." M.S. Plan B Research Paper, Department of Resource Development, Michigan State University.