This article reports the findings of a study of volunteering to organizations among native-born and immigrant African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and Whites in the United States. The authors focus on the questions, do ethnic groups differ in their likelihood of volunteering, and are these differences a function of acculturation? The conceptual framework to explain formal volunteering includes acculturation, personal and social capital, gender, and age. Using logistic regression analysis, the authors find that acculturation explains formal volunteering only partially and differently among the groups and that each native-born and immigrant group has its own unique combination of predictors of volunteering.
Alba, R., & Nee, V. ( 2003). Remaking the American mainstream: Assimilation and contemporary immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2.
Berry, J.W. ( 1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In A. Padilla (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and findings (pp. 9-25). Boulder, CO: Westview .
3.
Berry, J.W. ( 1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-68.
4.
Berry, J.W., Trimble, J., & Olmedo, E.L. ( 1986). Assessment of acculturation. In W. J. Loner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 9-25). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
5.
Bryant, W.K., Jeon-Slaughter, H., Kang, H., & Tax, A. ( 2003). Participation in philanthropic activities: Donating money and time. Journal of Consumer Policy, 26, 42-76.
6.
Carson, E. ( 1993). A hand-up: Black philanthropy and self-help in America . Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies Press.
7.
Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society. ( 2003). African American philanthropy literature review. New York: The City University of New York, The Graduate Center.
8.
Chao, J. ( 1999). Asian-American philanthropy: Expanding circles of participation . In Cultures of caring: Philanthropy in America’s diverse communities (pp. 189-253). Washington, DC: Council on Foundations.
9.
Cortés, M. ( 1995). Three strategic questions about Latino philanthropy: How heritage, gender, wealth, and values influence philanthropy. In C. H. Hamilton & W. F. Ilchman (Eds.), Cultures of giving II (pp. 23-40). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
10.
Deaux, K. ( 2006). To be an immigrant. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
11.
Ecklund, E.H., & Park, J.Z. ( 2005). Asian American community participation and religion: Civic "model minorities"? Journal of Asian American Studies , 8(1), 1-21.
12.
Friedman, W. ( 1998). Volunteerism and the decline of violent crime. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 88(4), 1453.
13.
Gans, H. ( 1979). Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic group and cultures in America. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2, 1-20.
14.
Gasman, M., & Sedgwick, K.V. (2005). Uplifting a people. New York: Peter Lang.
15.
Hall-Russell, C., & Kasberg, R. ( 1997). African-American traditions of giving and serving: A Midwest perspective. Indianapolis: Indiana University Center on Philanthropy.
16.
Hazuda, H.P., Stern, M.P., & Haffner, S.M. ( 1988). Acculturation and assimilation among Mexican Americans: Scales and population-based data. Social Science Quarterly , 69, 687-706.
17.
Hodgkinson, V.A., & Weitzman, M.S. (1997). Giving and volunteering in the United States among teenagers 12 to 17 years of age: Findings from a national survey (1996ed.). Washington, DC: Independent Sector.
18.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. ( 1994). Gendered transitions: Mexican experiences of immigration . Berkeley: University of California Press.
19.
Infoplease. (2007). Population of the United States by race and Hispanic/Latino origin, Census 2000 and July 1, 2005. Retrieved September 25, 2007, from http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0762156.html
20.
Jasso, G., & Rosenzweig, M.R. (1990). The new chosen people: Immigrants in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
21.
Joseph, J. ( 1995). Remaking America: How the benevolent traditions of many cultures are transforming our national life. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
22.
Lee, S.-K., Sobal, J., & Frongillo, E.A. (2003). Comparison of models of acculturation: The case of Korean Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(3), 282-296.
23.
Levine, P. ( 2007). The future of democracy: Developing the next generation of American citizens. Medford, MA: Tufts University Press.
24.
Marín, G. ( 1992). Issues in the measurement of acculturation among Hispanics . In K. Geisinger (Ed.), Psychological testing of Hispanics (pp. 235-251). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25.
Marín, G., & Gamba, R.J. ( 1996). A new measurement of acculturation for Hispanics: The Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS). Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 18(3), 297-316.
26.
Marín, G., & Marín, B.V.O. (1991). Research with Hispanic populations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
27.
Mattis, J., Jagers, R., Hatcher, C., Lawhon, G., Murphy, E., & Murray, Y. ( 2000). Religiosity, volunteerism, and community involvement among African American men: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(4), 391-406.
28.
Mesch, D., Rooney, P., Steinberg, K., & Denton, B. ( 2006). The effects of race, gender, and marital status on giving and volunteering in Indiana. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 35(4), 565-587.
29.
Musick, M., Wilson, J., & Bynum, W., Jr. (2000). Race and formal volunteering: The differential effects of class and religion. Social Forces , 78(4), 1539-1571.
30.
O’Neill, M., & Roberts, W.L. ( 2000). Giving and volunteering in California. San Francisco: University of San Francisco, San Francisco Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management.
31.
Portes, A., Escober, C., & Radford, A.W. ( 2007). Immigration transnational organizations and development: A comparative study. International Migration Review, 41(1), 242-282.
32.
Ramakrishnan, S.K., & Viramontes, C. (2006). Civic inequalities: Immigrant volunteerism and community organizations in California. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California .
33.
Raskoff, S., & Sundeen, R. ( 2001). Cultural diversity and high school community service: The relationships between ethnicity and students’ perceptions. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 30(4), 720-746.
34.
Reed, D., Hill, L.E., Jepsen, C., & Johnson, H.P. ( 2005). Educational progress across immigrant generations in California. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California.
35.
Rogler, L.H., Cortés, D.E., & Malgady, R.G. ( 1991). Acculturation and mental health status among Hispanics: Convergence and new directions for research. American Psychologist , 46(6), 585-597.
36.
Rumbaut, R.G. ( 2004). Ages, life stages, and generational cohorts: Decomposing the immigrant first and second generations in the United States. International Migration Review, 38(3), 1160-1205.
37.
Salamon, L.M., Anheier, H.K., List, R., Toepler, S., Sokolowski, S.W., & Associates. (1999). Global civil society: Dimensions of the nonprofit sector. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies.
38.
Salamon, L.M., Sokolowski, S.W., & Associates. (2004). Global civil society: Dimensions of the nonprofit sector (Vol. 2). Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
39.
Scott, K., Selbee, K., & Reed, P. ( 2006). Making connections: Social and civic engagement among Canadian immigrants. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Council on Social Development.
40.
Segura, G.M., Pachon, H., & Woods, N. ( 2001). Hispanics, social capital, and civic engagement. National Civic Review, 90(1), 85-96.
41.
Smith, B., Shue, S., Vest, J.L., & Villareal, J. ( 1999). Philanthropy in communities of color. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
42.
Smith, D.H. ( 1994). Determinants of voluntary association participation and volunteering: A literature review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 23(3), 243-263.
43.
Sundeen, R. ( 1988). Explaining participation in co production: A study of volunteers. Social Science Quarterly, 69(3), 547-568.
44.
Sundeen, R., Raskoff, S., & Garcia, C. ( 2007). Differences in perceived barriers to volunteering to formal organizations: Lack of time vs. lack of interest. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 17(3), 279-300.
45.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2004, December 16). Volunteering in the United States (U.S. DL-04-2503). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
46.
U.S. Census Bureau. (1996). Statistical abstract of the United States (116th ed., Table 19). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
47.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2003). The foreign-born population: 2000 [Census in brief]. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
48.
Uslander, E.M., & Conley, R.S. ( 2003). Civic engagement and particularized trust: The ties that bind people to their ethnic communities. American Politics Research, 31(4), 331-360.
49.
Westat, R.S., & Chapman, C. ( 1999, September). Service learning and community service in K-12 public schools (Statistics in Brief, National Center for Education Statistics 1999-043). Jessup, MD: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
50.
Wilson, J. ( 2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology , 26, 215-240.
