The use of a Modified Quad-Helix Appliance in the Correction of Lingually Displaced Mandibular Canine Teeth in the Dog

Abstract

When deciduous mandibular canine teeth are retained in the dog the permanent mandibular canine teeth are often lingually displaced. This paper describes the use of a modified Quad Helix appliance in correcting lingually displaced permanent mandibular canine teeth in the dog. This orthodontic case study follows the patient from initial diagnosis, treatment plan and therapy to 12 months post-therapy with detailed measurements, notations and photographs.