This case report describes diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9-week-old shih tzu. In addition to an open left mandibular body fracture and a right condylar process fracture, there were several relatively stable and minimally displaced right maxillary fractures. The torn soft tissues associated with the left mandibular body fracture were sutured closed, and a tape muzzle was placed. Due to sufficient fracture healing at the 2-week recheck examination, the tape muzzle was removed. The 6-week reexamination confirmed continued healing and recovery. Anesthesia was performed at the 5.5-month reexamination when the dog was 8 months old, revealing the presence of persistent deciduous teeth, linguoverted, malformed, and partially erupted permanent teeth, and asymmetric skeletal malocclusion (in addition to the breed-specific mandibular mesioclusion). Persistent deciduous teeth and linguoverted and malformed permanent teeth were extracted to allow for normal opening and closing of the mouth without traumatic occlusion. Long-term follow-up is recommended in juvenile dogs with maxillofacial injuries in order to prevent, recognize, and treat dental complications resulting from the trauma.
BennetJWKapatkinASMarrettaSM. Dental composite for the fixation of mandibular fractures and luxations in 11 cats and 6 dogs. Vet Surg. 1994;23(3):190–194.
8.
HofferMMarrettaSMKurathP. Evaluation of composite resin material for maxillomandibular fixation in cats for treatment of jaw fractures and temporomandibular joint luxation. Vet Surg. 2011;40(3):357–368.
9.
SmithMMLegendreLFJ. Maxillofacial fracture repair using noninvasive techniques. In: VerstraeteFJLommerMJ, eds. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Edinburgh, England: Saunders; 2012:275–284.
10.
BoudrieauRJ. Maxillofacial fracture repair using miniplates and screws. In: VerstraeteFJLommerMJ, eds. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Edinburgh, England: Saunders; 2012:293–308.
11.
TsugawaAJVerstraeteFJM. Maxillofacial fracture repair using external skeletal fixation. In: VerstraeteFJLommerMJ, eds. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Edinburgh, England: Saunders; 2012:309–319.
12.
CarvalhoCMRahalSCDos Reis MesquitaLCastilhoMSKanoWTMamprimMJ. Mandibulectomy for treatment of fractures associated with severe periodontal disease. Can Vet J. 2015;56(3):292–294.
13.
SoukupJWMulherinBLSnyderCJ. Prevalence and nature of dentoalveolar injuries among patients with maxillofacial fractures. J Small Anim Pract. 2013;54(1):9–14.
14.
HaleF. Juvenile veterinary dentistry. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2005;35(4):789–817.
15.
BeckmanB. Anesthesia and pain management for small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2013;43(3):669–688.
16.
AbboLAKoJCMaxwellLK. Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine following intravenous and oral transmucosal administration in dogs. Vet Ther. 2008;9(2):83–93.
17.
MulherinBLSnyderCJSoukupJWHetzelS. Retrospective evaluation of canine and feline maxillomandibular trauma cases. A comparison of signalment with non-maxillomandibular traumatic injuries (2003-2012). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2014;27(3):192–197.
18.
Bar-AmYPollardRKassPVerstraeteFJ. The diagnostic yield of conventional radiographs and computed tomography in dogs and cats with maxillofacial trauma. Vet Surg. 2008;37(3):294–299.
19.
NicholsonIWyattJRadkeHLangley-HobbsSJ. Treatment of caudal mandibular fracture and temporomandibular joint fracture-luxation using a bi-gnathic encircling and retaining device. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2010;23(2):102–108.
20.
LothamerCSnyderCJDuenwald-KuehlSKlokeJMcCabeRPVanderbyRJr. Crown preservation of the mandibular first molar tooth impacts the strength and stiffness of three noninvasive jaw fracture repair constructs in dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2015;2:18. doi:10.3389/fvets.2015.00018.
21.
LantzGCVerstraeteFJM. Fractures and luxations involving the temporomandibular joint. In: VerstraeteFJLommerMJ, eds. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Edinburgh, England: Saunders; 2012:321–332.
22.
MaasCPTheyseLF. Temporomandibular joint ankyloses in cats and dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Tramatol. 2007;20(3):192–197.
23.
ArziBCissellDVerstraeteFJKassPHDuRaineGDAthanasiouKA. Computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint disorders: 58 cases (2006-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;242(1):69–75.
24.
StrømPCArziBCissellDVerstraeteFJ. Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(5):409–415.
HennetPRHarveyCE. Craniofacial development and growth in the dog. J Vet Dent. 1992;9(2):11–18.
27.
FultonAJFianiNVerstraeteFJ. Canine pediatric dentistry. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2014;44(2):303–324.
28.
BoySCrossleyDSteenkampG. Developmental structural tooth defects in dogs- experience from veterinary dental referral practice and review of the literature. Front Vet Sci. 2016;3:9. doi:10.3389/fvets.2016.00009.
29.
SnyderCJSoukupJSGenglerW. Imaging and management of a caudal mandibular fracture in an immature dog. J Vet Dent. 2009;26(2):97–105.
30.
YamamotoKMatsusueYMurakamiK. Fate of developing tooth buds located in relation to mandibular fractures in three infancy cases. Dent Traumatol. 2010;26(4):353–356.
31.
SueiYMallicPCNagasakiTTaguchiAFujitaMTanimotoK. Radiographic evaluation of the fate of developing tooth buds on the fracture line of mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(1):94–99.
