Few studies have investigated health outcomes associated with arthritis in low-middle-income countries. Our objective was to examine the association between arthritis and all-cause hospitalization and mortality among middle-aged and older adults in Mexico.
Methods
Our sample included 12,106 participants aged >50 years from the 2012, 2015, and 2018 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Logistic regression was used for the associations between arthritis and hospitalization. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the association between arthritis and mortality.
Results
Arthritis was associated with higher odds of hospitalization (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.09–1.38), but not mortality. Arthritis with physical limitations had the highest odds of hospitalization (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.27–1.73). Arthritis with joint pain (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.10–1.41) and medication use (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.11–1.48) had higher odds of hospitalization.
Conclusion
Among middle-aged and older adults in Mexico, arthritis was associated with a high risk of hospitalization.
Al SnihS. A.MarkidesK. S.RayL. A.FreemanJ. L.OstirG. V.GoodwinJ. S. (2006). Predictors of healthcare utilization among older Mexican Americans. Ethnicity & Disease, 16(3), 640–646.
2.
BenaventD.PeiteadoD.Martinez-HuedoM. Á.Hernandez-HurtadoM.BalsaA.de MiguelE. (2021). Healthcare-related impact of gout in hospitalized patients in Spain. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 13287. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92673-3
3.
Brennan-OlsenS. L.CookS.LeechM. T.BoweS. J.KowalP.NaidooN.AckermanI. N.PageR. S.HoskingS. M.PascoJ. A.MohebbiM. (2017). Prevalence of arthritis according to age, sex and socioeconomic status in six low and middle income countries: Analysis of data from the World Health Organization study on global AGEing and adult health (Sage) Wave 1. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 18(1), 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1624-z
4.
CatalanoA.MartinoG.MorabitoN.ScarcellaC.GaudioA.BasileG.LascoA. (2017). Pain in osteoporosis: From pathophysiology to therapeutic approach. Drugs & aging, 34(10), 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-017-0492-4
5.
Cavazos-EscobarE.LozanoM. R.RizzoA. V.Al SnihS. (2024). Metabolic syndrome and arthritis among Mexican American older adults: Findings from a 23-year follow-up. European Geriatric Medicine, 15(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-024-00940-z
6.
ChiuY. M.LuY. P.LanJ. L.ChenD. Y.WangJ. D. (2020). Lifetime risks, life expectancy, and health care expenditures for rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide cohort followed up from 2003 to 2016. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 73(5), 750–758. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41597
7.
Conde-SalaJ. L.Garre-OlmoJ.Calvó-PerxasL.Turró-GarrigaO.Vilalta-FranchJ.López-PousaS. (2020). CAUSES, mortality rates and risk factors of death in community-dwelling Europeans aged 50 years and over: Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe 2013–2015. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89, Article 104035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104035
8.
CuiA.LiH.WangD.ZhongJ.ChenY.LuH. (2020). Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies. EClinicalMedicine, 29–30, 100587–100630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100587
9.
Gil-ConesaM.Del-Moral-LuqueJ. A.Gil-PrietoR.Gil-de-MiguelÁ.Mazzuccheli-EstebanR.Rodríguez-CaravacaG. (2020). Hospitalization burden and comorbidities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Spain during the period 2002–2017. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05243-0
10.
HeissG.SnyderM. L.TengY.SchneidermanN.LlabreM. M.CowieC.CarnethonM.KaplanR.GiachelloA.GalloL.LoehrL.Avilés-SantaL. (2014). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hispanics/latinos of diverse background: The Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. Diabetes Care, 37(8), 2391–2399. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2505
11.
InouyeS. K.ZhangY.JonesR. N.ShiP.CupplesL. A.CalderonH. N.MarcantonioE. R. (2008). Risk factors for hospitalization among community-dwelling primary care older patients: Development and validation of a predictive model. Medical Care, 46(7), 726–731. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181649426
12.
KiadaliriA.EnglundM. (2021). Osteoarthritis and risk of hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions: A general population-based cohort study. Rheumatology, 60(9), 4340–4347. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab161
13.
LawrenceR. C.FelsonD. T.HelmickC. G.ArnoldL. M.ChoiH.DeyoR. A.GabrielS.HirschR.HochbergM. C.HunderG. G.JordanJ. M.KatzJ. N.KremersH. M.WolfeF.National Arthritis Data Workgroup. (2008). Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part II. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 58(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23176
14.
Lethbridge-ÇejkuM.HelmickC. G.PopovicJ. R. (2003). Hospitalizations for arthritis and other rheumatic conditions: Data from the 1997 national hospital discharge survey. Medical Care, 41(12), 1367–1373. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MLR.0000100582.52451.AC
15.
Macías-HernándezS. I.Zepeda-BorbónE. R.Lara-VázquezB. I.Cuevas-QuinteroN. M.Morones-AlbaJ. D.Cruz-MedinaE.Nava-BringasT. I.Miranda-DuarteA. (2020). Prevalence of clinical and radiological osteoarthritis in knee, hip, and hand in an urban adult population of Mexico City. Reumatología Clínica, 16(2 Pt 2), 156–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reuma.2018.06.001
16.
MarchL. M.SchwarzJ. M.CarfraeB. H.BaggeE. (1998). Clinical validation of self-reported osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 6(2), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1053/joca.1997.0098
17.
MedinaC.JáureguiA.HernándezC.ShamahT.BarqueraS. (2021). Physical inactivity and sitting time prevalence and trends in Mexican adults. Results from three national surveys. PLoS One, 16(7), Article e0253137. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253137
18.
NelsonA. E.SmithM. W.GolightlyY. M.JordanJ. M. (2014). “Generalized osteoarthritis”: A systematic review. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 43(6), 713–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.12.007
19.
PintoA. J.RoschelH.de Sá PintoA. L.LimaF. R.PereiraR. M. R.SilvaC. A.BonfáE.GualanoB. (2017). Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior: Overlooked risk factors in autoimmune rheumatic diseases?Autoimmunity Reviews, 16(7), 667–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.001
20.
ReginsterJ. Y. (2002). The prevalence and burden of arthritis. Rheumatology, 41(suppl_1), 3–6.
21.
RiveraJ. A.BarqueraS.CampiranoF.CamposI.SafdieM.TovarV. (2002). Epidemiological and nutritional transition in Mexico: Rapid increase of non-communicable chronic diseases and obesity. Public Health Nutrition, 5(1a), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2001282
22.
RosenmanR.TennekoonV.HillL. G. (2011). Measuring bias in self-reported data. International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research, 2(4), 320–332. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBHR.2011.043414
23.
RudanI.SidhuS.PapanaA.MengS. J.Xin-WeiY.WangW.Campbell-PageR. M.DemaioA. R.NairH.SridharD.TheodoratouE.DowmanB.AdeloyeD.MajeedA.CarJ.CampbellH.WangW.ChanK. Y.Global Health Epidemiology Reference Group (GHERG). (2015). Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and analysis. Journal of global health, 5(1), Article 010409. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.05.010409
24.
SacksJ. J.HarroldL. R.HelmickC. G.GurwitzJ. H.EmaniS.YoodR. A. (2005). Validation of a surveillance case definition for arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology, 32(2), 340–347.
25.
SinghG.MillerJ. D.LeeF. H.PettittD.RussellM. W. (2002). Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among US adults with self-reported osteoarthritis: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The American journal of managed care, 8(15 Suppl), S383–S391.
26.
SwainS.SarmanovaA.CouplandC.DohertyM.ZhangW. (2020). Comorbidities in osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Care & Research, 72(7), 991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.24008
27.
VeroneseN.CeredaE.MaggiS.LuchiniC.SolmiM.SmithT.DenkingerM.HurleyM.ThompsonT.ManzatoE.SergiG.StubbsB. (2016). Osteoarthritis and mortality: A prospective cohort study and systematic review with meta-analysis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 46(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.04.002
28.
Villarreal RizzoA. F.DavisE. I.KhalifeW. I.PeekM. K.DownerB. (2024). Myocardial infarction & C-reactive protein levels among Mexican adults with arthritis: Findings from the Mexican Health and Aging Study. International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention, 22, Article 200309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200309
29.
WatsonD. J.RhodesT.GuessH. A. (2003). All-cause mortality and vascular events among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or no arthritis in the UK General Practice Research Database. Journal of Rheumatology, 30(6), 1196–1202.
30.
WibetoeG.IkdahlE.RollefstadS.OlsenI. C.BergsmarkK.KvienT. K.SalbergA.SoldalD. M.BaklandG.LexbergÅ.FevangB. T.GulsethH. C.HaugebergG.SembA. G. (2017). Cardiovascular disease risk profiles in inflammatory joint disease entities. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 19(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1358-1
31.
WongR.Michaels-ObregonA.PalloniA. (2017). Cohort profile: The Mexican health and aging study (MHAS). International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(2), e2. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu263
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
