Objectives: To assess the effect of one-on-one peer support at enhancing self-efficacy and decreasing depression in older men treated by radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Methods: Six weeks after surgery, 72 men (Mage = 60) were randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 37) or control group ( n = 35). Treatment group participants were paired to form dyads with a trained support partner who had similar treatment and related side effects; control group participants received usual health care. Dyads met 8 times over 8 weeks to discuss concerns and coping strategies. Results: At posttest, the treatment group had significantly higher self-efficacy than the controls (M = 328.89 and M = 304.54, respectively) and significantly less depression (M = 0.92 and M = 2.49, respectively). Depression outcomes remained significant when controlling baseline self-efficacy and social support (F = 4.845, p = .032). Discussion: Findings confirm pilot study results and are theoretically consistent with the self-efficacy enhancing nature of vicarious experience described by Bandura in self-efficacy theory.
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