Technological advances and economic, social, and cultural conditions have created a climate of change in health care. New roles and approaches are developing in relation to the holistic health movement. Within the holistic nursing community, three concepts of holistic practice have emerged. Differentiations among (a) certified holistic nurses, (b) practitioners of a healing modality, and (c) healers are presented to promote future discussion. As new roles must match a social need and become institutionalized to secure a professional role, speculations on possible directions for the certification in holistic nursing are presented.
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