Diuretics—Current Issues and Updates

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Ackerman DM , Hook JB : Historical background, chemistry and classification, in Eknoyan G , Martinez-Maldonado M (eds): The Physiological Basis of Diuretic Therapy in Clinical Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, W.B. Saunders, 1986, pp 1-25

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Ikram H. , Chan W. , Espiner EA , et al: Haemodynamic and hormone responses to acute and chronic furosemide therapy in congestive heart failure. Clin Sci 59:443-449, 1980

Scheinman M. , Brown M. , Rapaport E. : Hemodynamic effects of ethacrynic acid in patients with refractory acute left ventricular failure . Am J Med 50:291-296, 1971

Wilson JR , Reichek N. , Dunkman WB , et al: Effect of diuresis on the performance of the failing left ventricle in man. Am J Med 70:234-239, 1981

Johnston GD , Hiatt WR , Nies AS , et al: Factors modifying the early non-diuretic vascular effects of furosemide in man. Circ Res 53:630-635, 1983

Grosskopf I. , Rabinovitz M. , Rosenfeld JB , et al: Combination of furosemide and metolazone in the treatment of severe congestive heart failure . Isr J Med Sci 22:787-790, 1986

Webster J. : Interactions of NSAID's with diuretics and beta-blockers: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Drugs 30:32-41, 1985

Perera GA : Antihypertensive drug versus symptomatic treatment in primary hypertension . Effect on survival. JAMA 173:11-13, 1960

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Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents : Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. JAMA 202:116-122, 1967

Hropot M. , Klaus E. , Muschaweck R. : Pharmacological profile of HOE 365, a new diuretic with antihypertensive effect , in Puschett JB , Greenberg A (eds): Diuretics: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications, Proceeding of the First International Conference on Diuretics. New York, NY, Elsevier , 1984, pp 39-46

Webster JA , Dollery CT : Antihypertensive action of bendroflumethiazide: Increased prostacyclin production . Clin Pharmacol Ther 28:751-758, 1980

O'Connor DT : Response of renal kallikrein-kinin system, intravascular volume, and renal hemodynamics to sodium restriction and diuretic treatment in essential hypertension. Hypertension 4:72-73, 1981 (suppl 3)

1988 Joint National Committee : The 1988 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 148: 1023-1038, 1988

Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents : Comparison of propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide for the initial treatment of hypertension. JAMA 248:2004-2011, 1982

Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents : Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90-114 mm Hg. JAMA 202:1028-1034, 1970

Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents : Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: III. Influence of age, diastolic pressure, and prior cardiovascular disease; further analysis of side effects. Circulation 45:991-1004, 1972

Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group : Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. JAMA 242:2562-2571, 1979

Management Committee : The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1: 1261-1267, 1980

Amery A. , Brixko P. , Clement D. , et al: Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on high blood pressure in the elderly trial. Lancet 1:1349-1354, 1985

Helgeland A. : Treatment of mild hypertension: A five-year controlled drug trial. Am J Med 69:725-732, 1980

Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: Multiple risk factor intervention trial: Risk factor changes and mortality results . JAMA 248:1465-1477, 1982

The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group : Mortality rates after 10.5 years for participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: Findings related to a priori hypotheses of the trial. JAMA 263:1795-1801, 1990

Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group : Persistence of reduction in blood pressure and mortality of participants in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. JAMA 259:2113-2122,1988

Papademitrou V. : Diuretics, hypokalemia, and cardiac arrhythmias: A critical analysis. Am Heart J 11:1217-1224, 1986

The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Research Group : The effect of antihypertensive drug treatment on mortality in the presence of resting electrocardiographic abnormalities at baseline: The HDFP experience. Circulation 70:996-1003, 1984

Cohen JD , Neaton JD , Prineas RJ , et al: Diuretics, serum potassium and ventricular arrhythmias in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol 60:548-554, 1987

Fernandez-Cruz A. , Otero ML , Fernandez-Pinilla C. , et al: Therapy of mild hypokalemia is indicated, in Puschett JB , Greenberg A (eds): Diuretics: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications, Proceeding of the First International Conference on Diuretics. New York, NY, Elsevier , 1984, pp 4-11

Harrington JT , Isner JM , Kassirer JP : Our national obsession with potassium. Am J Med 73:155-159, 1982

Degnbol B. , Dorph S. , Marner T. : The effects of different diuretics on elevated blood pressure and serum potassium . Acta Med Scand 193:407-410, 1973

McKenney JM , Goodman RP , Wright JT , et al: The effect of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, serum potassium, and lipoproteins . Pharmacotherapy 6:179-184, 1986

Leary WP , Reyes AJ : Diuretic-induced magnesium losses. Drugs 28:182-187, 1984 (suppl 1)

Dyckner T. , Wester PO : Clinical significance of diuretic-induced magnesium loss. Pract Cardiol 10:124-133, 1984

Schoenfeld MR , Goldberger E. : Hypercholesterolemia induced by thiazides: A pilot study. Curr Ther Res 6:180-184, 1964

Kannel WB , Castell WP , Gordon T. : Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic disease. New perspectives based on the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 90:85-91, 1979

Carliner NH , Schelling JL , Russell RP , et al: Thiazide- and phthalimidine-induced hyperglycemia in hypertensive patients. JAMA 191:535-540, 1965

McFarland KF , Carr AA : Changes in the fasting blood sugar after hydrochlorothiazide and potassium supplementation. J Clin Pharmacol 17:13-17, 1977

Lasser NL , Grandits G. , Caggiula AW , et al: Effects of antihypertensive therapy on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Med 76:52-66, 1984 (suppl 2A)

Grimm RH , Leon AS , Hunninghake DB , et al: Effect of thiazide diuretics on blood lipids and lipoproteins in mildly hypertensive patients. A double-blind controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 94:7-11, 1981

Berglund G. , Andersson O. : Beta-blockers or diuretics in hypertension? A six-year follow-up of blood pressure and metabolic side effects . Lancet 1:744-747, 1981

Williams WR , Schneider KA , Borhani HD , et al: The relationship between diuretics and serum cholesterol in HDFP participants. Am J Prev Med 2:248-255, 1986

Amery A. , Bulpitt C. , DeSchaepdryver A. : Thiazides and serum cholesterol. Lancet 1:473, 1980 (letter)

Ames RP , Hill P. : Improvement of glucose tolerance and lowering of glycohemoglobin and serum lipid concentrations after discontinuation of antihypertensive drug therapy . Circulation 65:899-904, 1982

Helderman HJ , Elahi D. , Anderson DK , et al: Prevention of glucose intolerance of thiazide diuretics by maintenance of body potassium . Diabetes 32:106-111, 1983

Rowe JW , Tobin JD , Rosa RM , et al: Effects of experimental potassium deficiency on glucose and insulin metabolism. Metabolism 29:498-502, 1980

Helgeland A. , Leren P. , Foss OP , et al: Serum glucose levels during long-term observation of treated and untreated men with mild hypertension. Am J Med 76:802-805,1984 49. Fessel WJ : Renal outcomes of gout and hyperuricemia. Am J Med 67:74-82, 1979

Wasnich RD , Benfante RJ , Yano K. , et al: Thiazide effect on the mineral content of bone. N Engl J Med 309:344-347, 1983

LaCroix AZ , Wienpahl J. , White LR , et al: Thiazide diuretic agents and the incidence of hip fracture. N Engl J Med 322:286-290, 1990

Gomez HJ , Walker JF , Moncloa F. , et al: Enalapril attenuates hydrochlorothiazide-induced hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia, in Puschett JB , Greenberg A (eds): Diuretics; Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications, Proceeding of the First International Conference on Diuretics New York, NY, Elsevier, 1984, pp 263-265

Kaplan NM : Clinical Hypertension (ed 3). Baltimore, MD, Williams & Wilkins, 1982, p 126

Ames RP : Negative effects of diuretic drugs on metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease: Possible alternative drug therapies. Am J Cardiol 51:638, 1983

Young JR , Roberts R. : Heart failure, in Dirks JH , Sutton RAL (eds): Diuretics: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Clinical Use. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 1986, p 155