Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Pharmacotherapy: Emerging Roles for Pharmacists

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to explore and propose how pharmacists can leverage precision medicine to achieve optimal pharmacotherapy and how artificial intelligence (AI) can guide and enhance these efforts across acute care, chronic disease management, and rare diseases. A PubMed literature search was performed (2020-2025) using the following search terms: precision medicine, artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics, prescriptive analytics, and pharmacogenomics. Abstracts from article bibliographies were reviewed; all relevant English-language studies or in-depth clinical and technical reviews were considered. There were several key findings in this narrative literature review. First, the review emphasizes the importance of incorporating pharmacogenomics into a broader multi-omics evaluation to guide safe and effective therapy. Second, it includes the demonstrated versus emerging applications of AI, clarifies how AI complements genetic testing and specifies pharmacist responsibilities in clinical, operational, and ethical domains. Finally, it highlights the value of leveraging AI, specifically predictive analytics, and machine learning to support and refine pharmacotherapy evaluations. In cases where multi-omics testing is not accessible, the utilization of big data is proposed as a viable alternative for clinical decision support. Given the complexities and nuances of tailored pharmacotherapy, leveraging advanced strategies such as pharmacogenomics and AI can provide pharmacists with valuable tools. As such, pharmacists should be empowered to pursue innovative strategies to optimize pharmacotherapy while maintaining ethical standards and promoting equal access.