During the late forties and through the fifties the U.S. was swept by a number of panics, of which anti-Communism and homophobia were prominent. This article examines these fears, and the parallels between them, in an effort to locate some sources of those anxieties. The article argues that the discourses about homosexuality and Communism became vehicles for the expression of concerns that lay closer to home and were more difficult to talk about-in particular, for the expression of fears about the decline of masculinity in the U.S.
Bell, Bernard Tiddings.1948. "The School Can't Take the Place of the Home." The New York Times Magazine (May 2):10, 30ff.
3.
Burke, E.1955. "Have Russians Created New Monster Race? Red Scientists Strive to Create Half-Human Monsters." Dare2(4) (August): 50-53.
4.
Dare.1956a. ' Will Fruits Take Over?" Dare (April):28-29, 58-60.
5.
______. 1956b. "How They Get That Way." Dare (May):46-47.
6.
. 1957. "Is Your Friend a Lesbian?" Dare (August):52-55.
7.
Flynn, John T.1953. "Twenty-Four Steps to Communism." TheAmerican Mercury (December): 3-6.
8.
He. 1956. "Do You Have the Homosexual Urge?" He (October):8-9.
9.
Hook, Sidney.1949. "The Fellow-Traveller: A Study in Psychology." The New York Times Magazine (April 9): 9, 20ff.
10.
Janeway, Elizabeth.1953. "Why They Become Communists." The New York Times Magazine (June 14): 13, 28ff.
11.
Kinsey, Alfred C., Wardell B. Pomeroy and Clyde E. Martin .1948. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Philadephia: W.B. Saunders Co.
12.
Lamb, Peter.1956. "Lobotomy: Commies' Secret for World Domination ." Suppressed3(5) (September): 34-35, 59.
13.
Larson, Nils.1950. "You're Probably a Sex Criminal." Whisper3(6) (March): 8-9.
14.
Lears, John.1949. "Crack-Up of an American Communist Family." Colliers (October 8): 13, 68-70.
15.
Levine, Wally.1956. "Ten Ways to Spot a Homosexual." Whisper (August): 24-25,59-60.
16.
. 1957. "Ten Ways to Spot a Sex Psycho." Whisper11(5) (June): 34-35, 49-50.
17.
Maxwell, Max.1957. "Why Your Neighbor Might Easily Be a Spy!" Whisper12(2) (December): 32-33, 60ff.
18.
McPartland, John.1948. "Portrait of an American Communist." Life (January 5): 75-82.
19.
Miller, Watson D.1950. "We Are Nursing a Red Fifth Column." The American Magazine (October): 36-37.
20.
Nelson, Frederic.1948. "Is America Immune to the Communist Plague?" The Saturday Evening Post20(23) (April 24): 15.
21.
Nevins, Allen.1948. What Is a Communist? How Can You Spot Him?The New York Times Magazine (May 2): 9, 64ff.
22.
Newsweek.1955. "The Curious Craze for 'Confidential' Magazines." Newsweek (July 11): 51.
23.
Pose.1957. " Sex Crimes, U.S.A." Pose2(9) (June):2-3.
24.
Rangerson, Kurt.1957. "Why Homos Hate Elvis." Expose for Men (March): 21.
25.
Rushmore, Howard, 1954. "There's Plenty of Red in the Harvard Crimson! " Inside Story2(2) (May): 16-17, 48ff:
26.
Thompson, Dorothy.1949. "How I Was Duped By a Communist." Saturday Evening Post22(42) (April 16): 19, 75ff.
27.
Trimble, Hannah.1948. "Milk Can Be Homogenized But Not Children." The New York Times Magazine (May 2): 5, 24ff.
28.
U.S. Congress.1950a. Congressional Record. Volume 96, Part 4, 81st Congress, Second Session: April 24.
29.
. 1950b. Appendix to the Congressional Record. Volume 96, 81st Congress, 2nd Session: May 15.
30.
_______. 1950c. Report of Subcommittee on Appropriations for the District of Columbia Made by the Chairman the Senior Senator from the State of Alabama, Mr. Hill, with Reference to Testimony on Subversive Activity and Homosexuals in the Government Service. 81st Congress, 2nd Session .
31.
. 1952. Appendix to the Congressional Record. 1952 . 82nd Congress, 2nd Session: May 1.
32.
Whisper.1949. " Is There a Third Sex?" Whisper3(1) (May):32.
33.
Whyte, William H.1957. The Organization Man. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
34.
Wylie, Philip.1955[1942]. Generation of Vipers. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
