In this article, we analyze fascism, considering some of the main theoretical debates surrounding the topic, its historical forms, and its temporal insertion in the world-system to propose a conceptual definition which can articulate its central characteristics to concrete historical conjunctures and contingencies, point to future tendencies, and its importance as a phenomenon in the contemporary world. We address its relation to liberalism and conservativism and the forms it assumes in the contemporary world in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.
BobbioN (1997) Dal Fascismo ala Democracia: I Regime, le Ideologie, le Figure e le Culture Politique. Milano: Baldini & Castoldi.
2.
DimitrovG (1972) Georgy Dimitrov: Selected Works in Three Volumes. Sofia: Sofia Press.
3.
Dos SantosT (1978) Socialismo o Fascismo: El Nuevo Carácter de la Dependencia y el el Dilema Latinoamericano. Mexico City, Mexico: EdiCol.
4.
FriedmanM (2017 [1976]) The line we dare not cross. In: LeesonRPalmC (eds) Milton Friedman on Freedom: Selections from the Collected Works of Milton Friedman. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, pp.96–102.
5.
FrotaS (2006) Ideais Traídos. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Zahar editores.
6.
HaroL (2011) Entering a theoretical void: the theory of social Fascism and Stalinism in the German Communist Party. Journal of Socialist Theory39(4): 563–582.
7.
HayekF (1944) O Caminho da Servidão. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Instituto Liberal.
8.
HayekF (1966) The principles of a liberal social order. L Politico31(4): 601–618.
9.
HayekF (1982) Law, Legislation and Liberty. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
10.
HuntingtonS (1991) The Third Wave Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Oklahoma, OK: University of Oklahoma.
11.
LukácsG (2021 [1954]) The Destruction of Reason. London: Verso Books.
12.
MandelE (1978 [1962]) Tratado de Economía Marxista Tomo III. Mexico City, Mexico: Era.
13.
MandelE (1978) Sobre el Fascismo. Lisboa: Antidoto.
14.
MariniRM (1996) Procesos y tendencias de la globalización capitalista. In: MariniRMMillánM (eds) LaTeoría Social Latinoamerica. Tomo IV Cuestiones Contemporáneas, México D.F. El Caballito, pp.49–68.
15.
MartinsCE (2018) A Teoria Marxista da Dependência à Luz de Marx e do Capitalismo Contemporâneo. Salvador, Brazil: Cadernos CRH.
16.
MartinsCE (2020) Dependency, Neoliberalism and Globalization in Latin America. Leiden: Brill.
17.
MartinsCE (2021) As teorias do sistema-mundo na transição para o longo século XXI. Reoriente: Estudos Sobre Marxismo, Dependência e Sistemas-mundo1(1): 44–66.
18.
MartinsCE (2022) The longue durée of the Marxist theory of dependency and the twenty-first century. Latin American Perspectives49(1): 18–35.
PoulantzasN (1976) Fascismo y Dictadura: La III Internacional Frente al Fascismo. Mexico City, Mexico: Siglo XXI editores.
21.
ReichW (1972 [1933]) A Psicologia das Massas do Fascismo. Madrid: Editorial Ayuso.
22.
RosenbergA (1978 [1924]). The folkish idea of state. In: LaneBMRuppLJ (eds) Nazi ideology before 1933: a documentation. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, pp.59–73.
23.
ThailhemerA (2009) Sobre o Fascismo. Salvador, Brazil: Centro de Estudos Victor Meyer.
24.
TocquevilleA (2000 [1835/1840]) Democracy in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
25.
Von MisesL (1927) Liberalism in the Classical Tradition. San Francisco, CA: Cobden Press.
26.
Von MisesL (1944) Omnipotent Government: The Rise of Total State and Total War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
27.
WallersteinI (1983) Historical Capitalism and Capitalist Civilizations. London and New York: Verso Books.
28.
WallersteinI (1995) After Liberalism. New York: New Press.
