This article examines the social and ecological transformations in the Sicilian bluefin tuna fishery during the modern era. The analysis utilizes a sociological framework that draws on theory from environmental sociology, specifically metabolic rift theory. Escalating pressure on the fishery has contributed to a host of environmental and social problems, including pushing this important fishery to the brink of collapse. Using a combination of primary and secondary source data, this research employs sociological methods and analyzes recent changes in the socio-ecological metabolism of the fishery. The study explores the unsustainable nature of capitalist food production by examining the ‘rift’ in the society and nature metabolism that has emerged in the modern Sicilian bluefin tuna fishery. It advances the discussion on the ways in which the social relations of modern capitalist production have transformed the socio-ecological metabolism in agri-food production.
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