AgodoaL.Y., EggerP.W.Renal replacement therapy in the United States: Data from the United States Renal Data System.Am J Kidney Dis.1995; 25: 119–33.
2.
The Korean Society of NephrologyRenal replacement therapy in Korea -Insan Memorial Registry 1996.Korean J Nephrol.1997; 16(Suppl 2): S1–26.
3.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complication in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.N Engl J Med.1993; 329: 977–86.
4.
MaxwellS.R.J., LipG.Y.H.Free radicals and antioxidants in cardiovascular disease.Br J Clin Pharmacol.1997; 43: 307–17.
5.
SchreckR., RieberP., BaeuerleP.A.Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of NF-KB transcription factor and HIV1.EMBO J.1991; 10: 2247–58.
6.
SundaresanM., YuZ.X., FerransV.J., IraniK., FinkelT.Requirement for generation of H202 for platelet-derived growth factor signal transduction.Science.1995; 270: 296–9.
7.
BurdonR.H.Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in relation to mammalian cell proliferation.Free Radic Biol Med.1995; 18: 775–94.
8.
SenC.K., PackerL.Antioxidant and redox regulation of gene transcription.FASEB J.1996; 10: 109–20.
9.
IraniK., XiaY., ZweierJ.L., SollottS.J., DerC.J., FeronE.R.Mitogenic signaling mediated by oxidants in Ras transformed fibroblast.Science.1997; 275: 1649–52.
10.
NathK.A., SalahudeenA.K.Induction of renal growth and injury in the intact rat kidney by dietary deficiency of antioxidants.J Clin Invest.1990; 86: 1179–92.
11.
NathK.A., GrandeJ., CroattA., HaugenJ., KimY., RosenbergM.E.Redox regulation of renal DNA synthesis, transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen gene expression.Kidney Int.1998; 53: 367–81.
HaH., KimK.H.Role of protein kinase C-mediated oxidative stress in increased TGF -β and fibronectin mRNAs in mesangial cells: Implications for diabetic nephropathy [Abstract].Nephrology.1997; 3(Suppl 1): A736.
14.
KingG.L., IshiiH., KoyaD.Diabetic vascular dysfunctions: A model of excessive activation of protein kinase C.Kidney Int.1997; 52(Suppl 60): S77–85.
DerubertisF.R., CravenP.A.Eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of the functional and structural alterations of the kidney in diabetes.Am J Kidney Dis.1993; 22: 828–35.
17.
BrownleeM., CeramiA., VlassaraH.Advanced glycosylation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetic complications.N Engl J Med.1988; 318: 1315–21.
18.
WolffS.P., JiangZ.Y., HuntJ.V.Protein glycation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and aging.Free Radic Biol Med.1991; 10: 339–52.
19.
KingG.L., BrownleeM.The cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetic complications.Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.1996; 25: 255–70.
20.
ShahS.V.Light emission by isolated rat glomeruli in response to phorbol myristate acetate.J Lab Clin Med.1981; 98: 46–56.
21.
MyanoshitaA., TakahashT., EndouH.Inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on phorbol-stimulated production of reactive oxygen metabolites in rat glomeruli.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.1989; 30: 519–25.
22.
HaH., EndouH.Lipid peroxidation in isolated rat nephron segments.Am J Physiol.1992; 263: F201–7.
23.
Ruiz-MunozL.M., Vidal-VanaclochaF., LampreabeI.Enalapril inhibits hydrogen peroxide production by murine mesangial cells exposed to high glucose concentrations.Nephrol Dial Transplant.1997; 12: 456–64.
24.
GopalkrishnaR., AndersonW.B.Reversible oxidative activation and inactivation of protein kinase C by the mitogen/tumor promotor periodate.Arch Biochem Biophys.1991; 285: 382–7.
25.
GschwendtM., KittsteinW., MarksF.Protein kinase C activation by phorbol esters: Do cysteine rich regions and pseudosubstrate motifs play a role?Trends Biochem Sci.1991; 16: 167–9.
26.
StuderR.K., CravenP.A., DerubertisF.R.Antioxidant inhibition of protein kinase C-signaled increase in transforming growth factor-beta in mesangial cells.Metabolism.1997; 46: 918–25.
27.
TadaH., IshiiH., IsogaiS.Protective effect of D-alpha-tocopherol on the function of human mesangial cells exposed to high glucose concentrations.Metabolism:1997; 46: 779–84.
28.
VlassaraH.Recent progress in advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications.Diabetes.1997; 46(Supp12): S19–25.
29.
LeeH.B., ChaM.K., SongK.I., KimJ.H., LeeE.Y., KimS.I.Pathogenic role of advanced glycosylation end products in diabetic nephropathy.Kidney Int.1997; 52(Supp160): S60–5.
30.
FuM-X, Wells-KnechtK.J., BlackledgeJ.A., LyonsT.J., ThorperS.R., BaynesJ.W.Glycation, glycoxidation, and cross-linking of collagen by glucose. Kinetics, mechanisms, and inhibition of late stage of the Maillard reaction.Diabetes.1994; 43: 676–83.
31.
GiardinoI., EdelsteinD., BrownleeM.BCL-2 expression or antioxidants prevent hyperglycemia- induced formation of intracellular advanced glycation endproducts in bovine endothelial cells.J Clin Invest.1996; 97: 1422–8.
32.
YanS.D., SchmidtA.M., AndersonG.M.Enhanced cellular oxidant stress by the interaction of advanced glycosylation end products with their receptors/binding proteins.J Biol Chem.1994; 269: 9889–97.
BierhausA., ChevionS., ChevionM., HofmannM., QuehenbergerP., IllmerT.Advanced glycation end product-induced activation of NF -KB is suppressed by α-lipoic acid in cultured endothelial cells.Diabetes.1997; 46: 1481–90.
35.
SalahudeenA.K., KanjiV., ReckelhoffJ.F., SchmidtA.M.Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy: A radical approach.Nephrol Dial Transplant.1997; 12: 664–8.
36.
HaH., KamannaV.S., KirschenbaumM.A., KimK.H.Role of glycated low density lipoprotein in mesangial extracellular matrix synthesis.Kidney Int.1997; 52(Supp160): S54–9.
37.
HaH., TojoA., EndouH.Proximal tubular dysfunction as a cause of diabetic micro albuminuria [Abstract].Physiologist.1991; 34: 249.
38.
HaH., KimC., SonY., ChungM.H., KimK.H.DNA damage in the kidneys of diabetic rats exhibiting microalbuminuria.Free Radic Biol Med.1994; 16: 271–4.
39.
KakkarR., ManthaS.V., RadhiJ., PrasadK., KalraJ.Antioxidant defense system in diabetic kidney: A time course study.Life Sci.1997; 60: 667–79.
40.
MorgensenC.E.Natural history of renal function abnormalities in human diabetes mellitus: From normo albuminuria to incipient and overt nephropathy. In: BrennerB.M., SteinJ.H., eds. The Kidney in Diabetes Mellitus.New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1989: 19–49.
41.
HaH., YoonS.J., KimK.H.High glucose can induce lipid peroxidation in the isolated rat glomeruli.Kidney Int.1994; 46: 1620–6.
42.
TrachtmanH., FutterweitS., BienkowskiR.S.Taurine prevents glucose-induced lipid peroxidation and increased collagen production in cultured rat mesangial cells.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.1993; 191: 759–65.
43.
TrachtmanH.Vitamin E prevents glucose-induced lipid peroxidation and increased collagen production in cultured rat mesangial cells.Microvasc Res.1994; 47: 232–9.
44.
HaH., LeeS.H., KimK.H.Effects of rebamipide in a model of experimental diabetes on the synthesis of transforming growth factor-β and fibronectin, and lipid peroxidation induced by high glucose in cultured mesangial cells.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.1997; 281: 1457–62.
45.
SteffesM.W., OsterbyR., ChaversB., MauerS.M.Mesangial expansion as a central mechanism for loss of kidney function in diabetic patients.Diabetes.1984; 38: 1077–81.
46.
AyoS.H., RadnikR.A., GaroniJ., GlassWF.II, KreisbergJ.I.High glucose causes an increase in extracellular matrix proteins in cultured mesangial cells.Am J Pathol.1990; 136: 1339–48.
47.
AyoS.H., RadnikR.A., GlassWFII, GaroniJ., RamptE.R., ApplingE.R.Increased extracellular matrix synthesis and mRNA in mesangial cells grown in high glucose medium.Am J Physiol.1991; 260: FI85–91.
48.
ZiyadehF., HanD.C.Involvement of transforming growth factor-β and its receptors in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.Kidney Int.1997; 52(Suppl 60): S7–11.
49.
MaxwellS.R., ThomasonH., SandlerD., LeGuenC., BaxterM.A., ThorpeG.H.Poor glycemic control is associated with reduced serum free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Ann Clin Biochem.1997; 34: 638–44.
50.
MaxwellS.R.J., ThomasonH., SandlerD., LeGuenC., BaxterM.A., ThorpeG.H.G.Antioxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Eur J Clin Invest.1997; 27: 484–90.
51.
Nourooz-ZadehJ., RahimiA., Tajaddini-SarmadiJ., TritschlerH., RosenP., HalliwellB.Relationships between plasma measures of oxidative stress and meta bolic control in NIDDM.Diabetologia.1997; 40: 647–53.
52.
SantiniS.A., MarraG., GiardinaB., CotroneoP., MordenteA., MartoranaG.E.Defective plasma antioxidant defenses and enhanced susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in uncomplicated IDDM.Diabetes.1997; 46: 1853–8.
53.
CravenP.A., DeRubertisF.R., KaganV.E., MelhemM., StuderR.K.Effects of supplementation with vitamin C or E on albuminuria, glomerular TGF -β, and glomerular size in diabetes.J Am Soc Nephrol.1997; 8: 1405–11.
54.
KoyaD., LeeI-K, IshihiH., KanohH., KingG.L.Prevention of glomerular dysfunction in diabetic rats by treatment of d-α-tocopherol.J Am Soc Nephrol.1997; 8: 426–35.
55.
HaH., KimK.H.Role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy.Kidney Int.1995; 48(Supp151): S18–21.
HaH., YuM.R., KimK.H.Melatonin and taurine reduce early glomerulopathy in diabetic rats.Free Radic Biol Med.1999; 26: (in press).
58.
PackerL., WittE.H., TritschlerH.J.Alpha-lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant.Free Radic Biol Med.1995; 19: 227–50.
59.
GersteinH.C., BoschJ., PogueJ., TaylorD.W., ZinmanB., YusufS.Rationale and design of a large study to evaluate the renal and cardiovascular effects of an ACE inhibitor and vitamin E in high-risk patients with diabetes. The MICRO-HOPE study.Diabetes Care.1996; 19: 1225–8.
