LowrieE.G., LewN.L.Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and evaluation of death rate differences between facilities.Am J Kidney Dis1990; 15: 458–82.
2.
BlockG.A., Hulbert–ShearonT.E., LevinN.W., PortF.K.Association of serum phosphorus and calcium x phosphate product with mortality risk in chronic hemodialysis patients: a national study.Am J Kidney Dis1998; 31: 607–17.
3.
DelmezJ., SlatopolskyE.Hyperphosphatemia: its consequences and treatment in patients with chronic renal disease.Am J Kidney Dis1992; 4: 303–17.
4.
RostandS.G., SandersC., KirkK., RutskyE.A., FraserR.G.Myocardial calcification and cardiac dysfunction in chronic renal failure.Am J Med1988; 85: 651–7.
5.
BraunJ., OldendorfM., MoshageW., HeidlerR., ZeitlerE., LuftF.C.Electron beam computed tomography in the evaluation of cardiac calcification in chronic dialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis1996; 27: 394–401.
6.
RibeiroS., RamosA., BrandaoA., RebeloJ.R., GuerraA., ResinaC.Cardiac valve calcification in hemodialysis patients: the role of calcium–phosphate metabolism.Nephrol Dial Transplant1998; 13: 2037–40.
7.
HutingJ.Mitral valve calcification as an index of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis.Chest1994; 105: 383–8.
8.
SlatopolskyE., DelmezJ.Pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism.Am J Kidney Dis1994; 23: 229–36.
9.
AlmadenY., CanalejoA., HernandezA.Direct effect of phosphorus on PTH secretion from whole rat parathyroid glands in vitro.J Bone Miner Res1996; 11: 970–6.
10.
DendaM., FinchJ., SlatopolskyE.Phosphorus accelerates the development of parathyroid hyperplasia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in rats with renal failure.Am J Kidney Dis1996; 28: 596–602.
11.
SlatopolskyE., FinchJ., DendaM.Phosphorus restriction prevents parathyroid gland growth. High phosphorus directly stimulates PTH secretion in vitro.J Clin Invest1996; 97: 2534–40.
12.
LlachF.Secondary hyperparathyroidism in renal failure: the trade-off hypothesis revisited.Am J Kidney Dis1995; 25: 663–79.
13.
ChertowG.M., MartinK.J.Current and future therapies for the medical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism.Semin Dial1998; 11: 267–70.
14.
CombeC., AparicioM.Phosphorus and protein restriction and parathyroid function in chronic renal failure.Kidney Int1994; 46: 1381–6.
15.
SaluskyI.B., FoleyJ., NelsonP., GoodmanD.G.Aluminum accumulation during treatment with aluminum hydroxide and dialysis in children and young adults with chronic renal disease.N Engl J Med1991; 324: 527–31.
16.
SheikhM.S., MaguireJ.A., EmmettM., Santa AnaC.A., NicarM.J., SchillerL.R.Reduction of dietary phosphorus by phosphorus binders. A theoretical, in vitro, and in vivo study.J Clin Invest1989; 83: 66–73.
17.
SchillerL.R., Santa AnaC.A., SheikhM.S., EmmettM., FordtranJ.S.Effect of the time of administration of calcium acetate on phosphorus binding.N Engl J Med1989; 320: 1110–13.
18.
SlatopolskyE., WeertsC., Lopez–HikerS., NorwoodK., GilesK., FryerP.Long-term effects of calcium carbonate and 2.5 mEq/liter calcium dialysate on mineral metabolism.Kidney Int1989; 36: 897–903.
19.
MaiM.L., EmmettM., SheikhM.S., Santa AnaC.A., SchillerL.R., FordtranJ.S.Calcium acetate, an effective phosphorus binder in patients with renal failure.Kidney Int1989; 36: 690–5.
20.
FournierA., MoriniereP., SebertJ.L., DhissiH., AtikA., LeflonP.Calcium carbonate, an aluminum free agent for control of hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism.Kidney Int1986; 29(Suppl): S114–19.
21.
SchaeferK., ScheerJ., AsmusG., UmlaufE., HagemannJ., von HerrathD.The treatment of uraemic hyperphosphataemia with calcium acetate and calcium carbonate: a comparative study.Nephrol Dial Transplant1991; 6: 170–5.
22.
MerchantM.R., HutchisonA.J., ButlerS.J., BoultonH., HinchcliffeR., GokalR.Calcium, magnesium mass transfer and lactate balance study in CAPD patients with reduced calcium/magnesium and high lactate dialysis fluid. In: KhannaR., NolphK.D., ProwantB.F., TwardowskiZ.J., OreopoulosD.G., eds. Advances in peritoneal dialysis.Toronto: Peritoneal Dialysis Bulletin, 1992; 8: 365–8.
23.
BanalagayE.E., BernardiniJ., PirainoB.Calcium mass transfer with 10-hour dwell time using 1.25 versus 1.75 mmol/L calcium dialysate. In: KhannaR., NolphK.D., ProwantB.F., TwardowskiZ.J., OreopoulosD.G., eds. Advances in peritoneal dialysis.Toronto: Peritoneal Dialysis Publications, 1993; 9: 271–3.
24.
RitzE., Passlick–DeetjenJ., ZeierM., StefanskiA.Prescription of calcium concentration and PTH control.Perit Dial Int1996; 16(Suppl 1): S300–4.
25.
ArmstrongA., BeerJ., NoonanK., CunninghamJ.Reduced calcium dialysate in CAPD patients: efficacy and limitations.Nephrol Dial Transplant1997; 12: 1223–8.
26.
ChagnacA., OriY., WeinsteinT., HermanM., KorzetsA., ZevinD.Calcium balance during pulse alfacalcidol therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in CAPD patients treated with 1.0 and 1.25 mmol/L dialysate calcium.Am J Kidney Dis1999; 33: 82–6.
27.
HutchisonA., GokalR.Improved solutions for peritoneal dialysis: physiological calcium solutions, osmotic agents and buffers.Kidney Int1992; 42(Suppl 38): S153–9.
28.
CunninghamJ., BeerJ., ColdwellR., NoonanK., SawyerN., MakinH.Dialysate calcium reduction in CAPD patients treated with calcium carbonate and alfacalcidol.Nephrol Dial Transplant1992; 7: 63–8.
29.
PasslickJ., WilhemM., BuschT., GrabenseeB., OhnesorgeF.K.Calcium alginate, an aluminum-free phosphate binder in patients on CAPD.Clin Nephrol1989; 32: 96–100.
30.
ParsonsV., BaldwinD., MonizC., MarsdenJ., BallE., RifkinI.Successful control of hyperparathyroidism in patients on CAPD using magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate as phosphate binders.Nephron1993; 63: 379–83.
31.
MoriniereP., VinatierI., WesteelP.F., CohemsolalM., BelbrikS., AbdulmassihZ.Magnesium hydroxide as complementary aluminium-free phosphate binder to moderate doses of oral calcium in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis: lack of deleterious effect on bone mineralisation.Nephrol Dial Transplant1988; 3: 651–6.
BroS., RasmussenR.A., HandbergJ., OlgaardK., Feldt– RasmussenB.Randomized crossover study comparing the phosphate-binding efficacy of calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium carbonate in patients on chronic hemodialysis.Am J Kidney Dis1998; 32: 257–62.
34.
BirckR., ZimmermannE., WassmerS., NowackR., van der WoudeF.J.Calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium acetate for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients on maintenance haemodialysis: a cross over study.Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; 14: 1475–9.
35.
ChertowG.M., BurkeS.K., LazarusJ.M., StenzelK.M., WomboltD., GoldbergD.Poly[allylamine hydro-chloride] (RenaGel): a noncalcemic phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure.Am J Kidney Dis1997; 29: 66–71.
36.
SlatopolskyE., BurkeS.K., DillonMA, and the RenaGel Study Group. RenaGel, a nonabsorbed calcium- and aluminum-free phosphate binder, lowers serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone.Kidney Int1999; 55: 299–307.
37.
WilkesB.M., ReinerD., KernM., BurkeS.Simultaneous lowering of serum phosphate and LDL-cholesterol by sevelamer hydrochloride (RenaGel) in dialysis patients.Clin Nephrol1998; 50: 381–6.
38.
BleyerA.J., BurkeS.K., DillonM., GarrettB., KantK.S., LynchD.A comparison of the calcium-free phosphate binder sevelamer hydrochloride with calcium acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis1999; 33: 694–701.
39.
HergesellO., RitzE.Stabilized polynuclear iron hydroxide is an efficient oral phosphate binder in uraemic patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; 14: 863–7.
40.
ChangJ.M., HwangS.J., TsaiJ.C.Effect of ferric poly-maltose as a phosphate binder in hemodialysis patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; (in press).
41.
SpenglerK., FollmanH., BoosK-SCross-linked iron dextran is an efficient oral phosphate binder in the rat.Nephrol Dial Transplant1996; 11: 808–12.
42.
DewberryK., FoxJ.S., StewartJ., MurrayJ.R., HutchisonA.J.Lanthanum carbonate: a novel non-calcium containing phosphate binder (Abstract).J Am Soc Nephrol1997; 8: 560A.